Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles

Tais Gorkhover; Sebastian Schorb; Ryan Coffee; Marcus Adolph; Lutz Foucar; Daniela Rupp; Andrew Aquila; John D. Bozek; Sascha W. Epp; Benjamin Erk; Lars Gumprecht; Lotte Holmegaard; Andreas Hartmann; Robert Hartmann; Günter Hauser; Peter Holl; Andre Hömke; Per Johnsson; Nils Kimmel; Kai Uwe Kühnel; Marc Messerschmidt; Christian Reich; Arnaud Rouzée; Benedikt Rudek; Carlo Schmidt; Joachim Schulz; Heike Soltau; Stephan Stern; Georg Weidenspointner; Bill White; Jochen Küpper; Lothar Strüder; Ilme Schlichting; Joachim Ullrich; Daniel Rolles; Artem Rudenko; Thomas Möller; Christoph Bostedt

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.264

Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles

Tais Gorkhover, Sebastian Schorb, Ryan Coffee, Marcus Adolph, Lutz Foucar, Daniela Rupp, Andrew Aquila, John D. Bozek, Sascha W. Epp, Benjamin Erk, Lars Gumprecht, Lotte Holmegaard, Andreas Hartmann, Robert Hartmann, Günter Hauser, Peter Holl, Andre Hömke, Per Johnsson, Nils Kimmel, Kai Uwe KühnelMarc Messerschmidt, Christian Reich, Arnaud Rouzée, Benedikt Rudek, Carlo Schmidt, Joachim Schulz, Heike Soltau, Stephan Stern, Georg Weidenspointner, Bill White, Jochen Küpper, Lothar Strüder, Ilme Schlichting, Joachim Ullrich, Daniel Rolles, Artem Rudenko, Thomas Möller, Christoph Bostedt

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

87 Scopus citations

Abstract

The ability to observe ultrafast structural changes in nanoscopic samples is essential for understanding non-equilibrium phenomena such as chemical reactions, matter under extreme conditions, ultrafast phase transitions and intense light-matter interactions. Established imaging techniques are limited either in time or spatial resolution and typically require samples to be deposited on a substrate, which interferes with the dynamics. Here, we show that coherent X-ray diffraction images from isolated single samples can be used to visualize femtosecond electron density dynamics. We recorded X-ray snapshot images from a nanoplasma expansion, a prototypical non-equilibrium phenomenon. Single Xe clusters are superheated using an intense optical laser pulse and the structural evolution of the sample is imaged with a single X-ray pulse. We resolved ultrafast surface softening on the nanometre scale at the plasma/vacuum interface within 100 fs of the heating pulse. Our study is the first time-resolved visualization of irreversible femtosecond processes in free, individual nanometre-sized samples.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	93-97
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature Photonics
Volume	10
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.264
State	Published - Feb 1 2016
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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10.1038/nphoton.2015.264

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Gorkhover, T., Schorb, S., Coffee, R., Adolph, M., Foucar, L., Rupp, D., Aquila, A., Bozek, J. D., Epp, S. W., Erk, B., Gumprecht, L., Holmegaard, L., Hartmann, A., Hartmann, R., Hauser, G., Holl, P., Hömke, A., Johnsson, P., Kimmel, N., ... Bostedt, C. (2016). Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles. Nature Photonics, 10(2), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.264

Gorkhover, T, Schorb, S, Coffee, R, Adolph, M, Foucar, L, Rupp, D, Aquila, A, Bozek, JD, Epp, SW, Erk, B, Gumprecht, L, Holmegaard, L, Hartmann, A, Hartmann, R, Hauser, G, Holl, P, Hömke, A, Johnsson, P, Kimmel, N, Kühnel, KU, Messerschmidt, M, Reich, C, Rouzée, A, Rudek, B, Schmidt, C, Schulz, J, Soltau, H, Stern, S, Weidenspointner, G, White, B, Küpper, J, Strüder, L, Schlichting, I, Ullrich, J, Rolles, D, Rudenko, A, Möller, T & Bostedt, C 2016, 'Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles', Nature Photonics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 93-97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.264

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title = "Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles",

abstract = "The ability to observe ultrafast structural changes in nanoscopic samples is essential for understanding non-equilibrium phenomena such as chemical reactions, matter under extreme conditions, ultrafast phase transitions and intense light-matter interactions. Established imaging techniques are limited either in time or spatial resolution and typically require samples to be deposited on a substrate, which interferes with the dynamics. Here, we show that coherent X-ray diffraction images from isolated single samples can be used to visualize femtosecond electron density dynamics. We recorded X-ray snapshot images from a nanoplasma expansion, a prototypical non-equilibrium phenomenon. Single Xe clusters are superheated using an intense optical laser pulse and the structural evolution of the sample is imaged with a single X-ray pulse. We resolved ultrafast surface softening on the nanometre scale at the plasma/vacuum interface within 100 fs of the heating pulse. Our study is the first time-resolved visualization of irreversible femtosecond processes in free, individual nanometre-sized samples.",

author = "Tais Gorkhover and Sebastian Schorb and Ryan Coffee and Marcus Adolph and Lutz Foucar and Daniela Rupp and Andrew Aquila and Bozek, {John D.} and Epp, {Sascha W.} and Benjamin Erk and Lars Gumprecht and Lotte Holmegaard and Andreas Hartmann and Robert Hartmann and G{\"u}nter Hauser and Peter Holl and Andre H{\"o}mke and Per Johnsson and Nils Kimmel and K{\"u}hnel, {Kai Uwe} and Marc Messerschmidt and Christian Reich and Arnaud Rouz{\'e}e and Benedikt Rudek and Carlo Schmidt and Joachim Schulz and Heike Soltau and Stephan Stern and Georg Weidenspointner and Bill White and Jochen K{\"u}pper and Lothar Str{\"u}der and Ilme Schlichting and Joachim Ullrich and Daniel Rolles and Artem Rudenko and Thomas M{\"o}ller and Christoph Bostedt",

note = "Funding Information: T.G. acknowledges a Peter Ewald fellowship from the Volkswagen Foundation. Parts of this research were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Geological and Biological Sciences (contract nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (C.B.), DE-AC02-76SF00515 (C.B. and R.C.) and DE-FG02-86ER13491 (D.Ro. and A.R.)). T.M. acknowledges financial support from BMBF projects 05K10KT2 and 05K13KT2 as well as DFG BO3169/2-2. P.J. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. M.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (award no. 1231306). The authors acknowledge the Max Planck Society for funding the development and operation of the CAMP instrument within the ASG at CFEL. The authors thank T. Fennel for discussions, and M. Swiggers, J.-C. Castagna and all LCLS staff for their help in setting up and performing the experiments.",

year = "2016",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1038/nphoton.2015.264",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "10",

pages = "93--97",

journal = "Nature Photonics",

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T1 - Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles

AU - Gorkhover, Tais

AU - Schorb, Sebastian

AU - Coffee, Ryan

AU - Adolph, Marcus

AU - Foucar, Lutz

AU - Rupp, Daniela

AU - Aquila, Andrew

AU - Bozek, John D.

AU - Epp, Sascha W.

AU - Erk, Benjamin

AU - Gumprecht, Lars

AU - Holmegaard, Lotte

AU - Hartmann, Andreas

AU - Hartmann, Robert

AU - Hauser, Günter

AU - Holl, Peter

AU - Hömke, Andre

AU - Johnsson, Per

AU - Kimmel, Nils

AU - Kühnel, Kai Uwe

AU - Messerschmidt, Marc

AU - Reich, Christian

AU - Rouzée, Arnaud

AU - Rudek, Benedikt

AU - Schmidt, Carlo

AU - Schulz, Joachim

AU - Soltau, Heike

AU - Stern, Stephan

AU - Weidenspointner, Georg

AU - White, Bill

AU - Küpper, Jochen

AU - Strüder, Lothar

AU - Schlichting, Ilme

AU - Ullrich, Joachim

AU - Rolles, Daniel

AU - Rudenko, Artem

AU - Möller, Thomas

AU - Bostedt, Christoph

N1 - Funding Information: T.G. acknowledges a Peter Ewald fellowship from the Volkswagen Foundation. Parts of this research were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Geological and Biological Sciences (contract nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (C.B.), DE-AC02-76SF00515 (C.B. and R.C.) and DE-FG02-86ER13491 (D.Ro. and A.R.)). T.M. acknowledges financial support from BMBF projects 05K10KT2 and 05K13KT2 as well as DFG BO3169/2-2. P.J. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. M.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (award no. 1231306). The authors acknowledge the Max Planck Society for funding the development and operation of the CAMP instrument within the ASG at CFEL. The authors thank T. Fennel for discussions, and M. Swiggers, J.-C. Castagna and all LCLS staff for their help in setting up and performing the experiments.

PY - 2016/2/1

Y1 - 2016/2/1

N2 - The ability to observe ultrafast structural changes in nanoscopic samples is essential for understanding non-equilibrium phenomena such as chemical reactions, matter under extreme conditions, ultrafast phase transitions and intense light-matter interactions. Established imaging techniques are limited either in time or spatial resolution and typically require samples to be deposited on a substrate, which interferes with the dynamics. Here, we show that coherent X-ray diffraction images from isolated single samples can be used to visualize femtosecond electron density dynamics. We recorded X-ray snapshot images from a nanoplasma expansion, a prototypical non-equilibrium phenomenon. Single Xe clusters are superheated using an intense optical laser pulse and the structural evolution of the sample is imaged with a single X-ray pulse. We resolved ultrafast surface softening on the nanometre scale at the plasma/vacuum interface within 100 fs of the heating pulse. Our study is the first time-resolved visualization of irreversible femtosecond processes in free, individual nanometre-sized samples.

AB - The ability to observe ultrafast structural changes in nanoscopic samples is essential for understanding non-equilibrium phenomena such as chemical reactions, matter under extreme conditions, ultrafast phase transitions and intense light-matter interactions. Established imaging techniques are limited either in time or spatial resolution and typically require samples to be deposited on a substrate, which interferes with the dynamics. Here, we show that coherent X-ray diffraction images from isolated single samples can be used to visualize femtosecond electron density dynamics. We recorded X-ray snapshot images from a nanoplasma expansion, a prototypical non-equilibrium phenomenon. Single Xe clusters are superheated using an intense optical laser pulse and the structural evolution of the sample is imaged with a single X-ray pulse. We resolved ultrafast surface softening on the nanometre scale at the plasma/vacuum interface within 100 fs of the heating pulse. Our study is the first time-resolved visualization of irreversible femtosecond processes in free, individual nanometre-sized samples.

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JO - Nature Photonics

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ER -

Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles

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