TY - CHAP
T1 - Fate of Neonicotinoid Pesticides during Wastewater and Wetland Treatment
AU - Sadaria, Akash M.
AU - Supowit, Samuel D.
AU - Halden, Rolf
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was supported in part by Award Number R01ES020889 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and by Award Number LTR 05/01/12 of the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Chemical Society.
Copyright:
Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Occurrence and fate of six neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, and dinotefuran) and one degradate (acetamiprid-N-desmethyl) were studied in a United States municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and an engineered wetland downstream. Flow-weighted samples collected in a five-day monitoring campaign were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using methods of isotope dilution and standard addition. Three of the six neonicotinoids were detected. Daily loads of imidacloprid and acetamiprid were stable, whereas those of clothianidin varied. Detected 5-day average concentrations in WWTP influent and effluent were 54.7 ± 9.3 and 48.6 ± 8.4 ng/L for imidacloprid, 3.7 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.5 ng/L for acetamiprid, and 149.7 ± 273.1 and 116.7 ± 144.9 ng/L for clothianidin, respectively. Concentrations of neonicotinoids in digested sludge were below the limit of detection (<2 μg/kg dry weight). Wetland monitoring revealed lack of removal for imidacloprid and acetamiprid. Hazard quotient (HQ) analysis showed values of larger than unity for imidacloprid (1.4 ± 0.1) and total neonicotinoids (4.8 ± 4.5) in WWTP effluent. Thus, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and clothianidin were shown to occur in United States wastewater, persist during conventional and wetland treatment, and to pose potential risk in effluent-dominated, receiving surface waters.
AB - Occurrence and fate of six neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, and dinotefuran) and one degradate (acetamiprid-N-desmethyl) were studied in a United States municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and an engineered wetland downstream. Flow-weighted samples collected in a five-day monitoring campaign were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using methods of isotope dilution and standard addition. Three of the six neonicotinoids were detected. Daily loads of imidacloprid and acetamiprid were stable, whereas those of clothianidin varied. Detected 5-day average concentrations in WWTP influent and effluent were 54.7 ± 9.3 and 48.6 ± 8.4 ng/L for imidacloprid, 3.7 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.5 ng/L for acetamiprid, and 149.7 ± 273.1 and 116.7 ± 144.9 ng/L for clothianidin, respectively. Concentrations of neonicotinoids in digested sludge were below the limit of detection (<2 μg/kg dry weight). Wetland monitoring revealed lack of removal for imidacloprid and acetamiprid. Hazard quotient (HQ) analysis showed values of larger than unity for imidacloprid (1.4 ± 0.1) and total neonicotinoids (4.8 ± 4.5) in WWTP effluent. Thus, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and clothianidin were shown to occur in United States wastewater, persist during conventional and wetland treatment, and to pose potential risk in effluent-dominated, receiving surface waters.
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U2 - 10.1021/bk-2016-1241.ch008
DO - 10.1021/bk-2016-1241.ch008
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85004024863
T3 - ACS Symposium Series
SP - 121
EP - 131
BT - Assessing Transformation Products of Chemicals by Non-Target and Suspect Screening - Strategies and Workflows, Volume 1
A2 - Drewes, Jorg E.
A2 - Letzel, Thomas
PB - American Chemical Society
ER -