Fast supercapacitors based on vertically oriented MoS₂ nanosheets on plasma pyrolyzed cellulose filter paper

Fast supercapacitors that can be charged and discharged at tens of hertz high frequency are reported using binder-free electrodes of MoS₂ nanosheets grown on plasma pyrolyzed cellulose microfiber (pCMF) paper. Rapid plasma pyrolysis was applied to obtain highly conductive carbon fiber sheet from conventional cellulose filter paper to be used as a scaffold, on which MoS₂ nanosheets were grown vertically wrapped around carbon microfibers in a hydrothermal reaction. Such binder-free MoS₂-pCMF electrode based supercapacitor demonstrated fast-rate performance in an aqueous electrolyte with a cutoff frequency of 103 Hz. A large specific capacitance density of 125 mF cm⁻² was also measured. The organic electrolyte cell of these electrodes exhibited a power density of 12.05 W cm^-3 at a rate of 15 V s⁻¹. These MoS₂-pCMF electrodes were highly stable. In a cycling test at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², the cell maintained its capacitance with trivial degradation in 50,000 cycles.