TY - JOUR
T1 - Family SES is associated with the gut microbiome in infants and children
AU - Lewis, Candace R.
AU - Bonham, Kevin S.
AU - McCann, Shelley Hoeft
AU - Volpe, Alexandra R.
AU - D’sa, Viren
AU - Naymik, Marcus
AU - De Both, Matt D.
AU - Huentelman, Matthew J.
AU - Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn
AU - Highlander, Sarah K.
AU - Deoni, Sean C.L.
AU - Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO), National Institutes of Health, grant number UG3OD023313; National Institutes of Health, grant number R34-DA050284; NICHD NIH, grant number 1K99HD099307-01A1.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Background: While early life exposures such as mode of birth, breastfeeding, and antibiotic use are established regulators of microbiome composition in early childhood, recent research suggests that the social environment may also exert influence. Two recent studies in adults demonstrated associations between socioeconomic factors and microbiome composition. This study expands on this prior work by examining the association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and host genetics with microbiome composition in infants and children. Methods: Family SES was used to predict a latent variable representing six genera abundances generated from whole-genome shotgun sequencing. A polygenic score derived from a microbiome genome-wide association study was included to control for potential genetic associations. Associations between family SES and microbiome diversity were assessed. Results: Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae spp. significantly loaded onto a latent factor, which was significantly predicted by SES (p < 0.05) but not the polygenic score (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that SES did not predict alpha diversity but did predict beta diversity (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that modifiable environmental factors influence gut microbiome composition at an early age. These results are important as our understanding of gut microbiome influences on health continue to expand.
AB - Background: While early life exposures such as mode of birth, breastfeeding, and antibiotic use are established regulators of microbiome composition in early childhood, recent research suggests that the social environment may also exert influence. Two recent studies in adults demonstrated associations between socioeconomic factors and microbiome composition. This study expands on this prior work by examining the association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and host genetics with microbiome composition in infants and children. Methods: Family SES was used to predict a latent variable representing six genera abundances generated from whole-genome shotgun sequencing. A polygenic score derived from a microbiome genome-wide association study was included to control for potential genetic associations. Associations between family SES and microbiome diversity were assessed. Results: Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae spp. significantly loaded onto a latent factor, which was significantly predicted by SES (p < 0.05) but not the polygenic score (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that SES did not predict alpha diversity but did predict beta diversity (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that modifiable environmental factors influence gut microbiome composition at an early age. These results are important as our understanding of gut microbiome influences on health continue to expand.
KW - Childhood
KW - Infant
KW - Microbiome
KW - Socioeconomic status
KW - Stress
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U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms9081608
DO - 10.3390/microorganisms9081608
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111246239
SN - 2076-2607
VL - 9
JO - Microorganisms
JF - Microorganisms
IS - 8
M1 - 1608
ER -