TY - JOUR
T1 - Failed disk recovery in double erasure RAID arrays
AU - Srinivasan, Kaushik
AU - Colbourn, Charles
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank three referees whose helpful comments improved the presentation. Research of the authors is supported by the Army Research Office (USA) under grant number DAAD19-01-1-0406 (Colbourn).
PY - 2007/3
Y1 - 2007/3
N2 - Reliability is a major concern in the design of large disk arrays. In this paper, we examine the effect of encountering more failures than that for which the RAID array was initially designed. Erasure codes are incorporated to enable system recovery from a specified number of disk erasures, and strive beyond that threshold to recover the system as frequently, and as thoroughly, as is possible. Erasure codes for tolerating two disk failures are examined. For these double erasure codes, we establish a correspondence between system operation and acyclicity of its graph model. For the most compact double erasure code, the full 2-code, this underlies an efficient algorithm for the computation of system operation probability (all disks operating or recoverable). When the system has failed, some disks are nonetheless recoverable. We extend the graph model to determine the probability that d disks have failed, a of which are recoverable by solving one linear equation, b of which are further recoverable by solving systems of linear equations, and d - a - b of which cannot be recovered. These statistics are efficiently calculated for the full 2-code by developing a three variable ordinary generating function whose coefficients give the specified values. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the probability that an individual disk can be recovered, even when the system is in a failed state.
AB - Reliability is a major concern in the design of large disk arrays. In this paper, we examine the effect of encountering more failures than that for which the RAID array was initially designed. Erasure codes are incorporated to enable system recovery from a specified number of disk erasures, and strive beyond that threshold to recover the system as frequently, and as thoroughly, as is possible. Erasure codes for tolerating two disk failures are examined. For these double erasure codes, we establish a correspondence between system operation and acyclicity of its graph model. For the most compact double erasure code, the full 2-code, this underlies an efficient algorithm for the computation of system operation probability (all disks operating or recoverable). When the system has failed, some disks are nonetheless recoverable. We extend the graph model to determine the probability that d disks have failed, a of which are recoverable by solving one linear equation, b of which are further recoverable by solving systems of linear equations, and d - a - b of which cannot be recovered. These statistics are efficiently calculated for the full 2-code by developing a three variable ordinary generating function whose coefficients give the specified values. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the probability that an individual disk can be recovered, even when the system is in a failed state.
KW - Disk architecture
KW - Erasure resilient code
KW - Error-correcting code
KW - Generating function
KW - Parity check matrix
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jda.2006.03.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jda.2006.03.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33947610919
SN - 1570-8667
VL - 5
SP - 115
EP - 128
JO - Journal of Discrete Algorithms
JF - Journal of Discrete Algorithms
IS - 1
ER -