TY - JOUR
T1 - Examining multiple sleep behaviors and diurnal salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase
T2 - Within- and between-person associations
AU - Van Lenten, Scott A.
AU - Doane, Leah
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the participants of the ASU Transition to College Study for the time and effort they contributed to this research. We would also like to thank Douglas A. Granger, Frank J. Infurna and Michael R. Sladek for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was conducted with the support of the Institute for Social Science Research at Arizona State University (L.D.D., Principal Investigator), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01HD079520, and a William T. Grant Foundation Scholars Award (L.D.D., Principal Investigator).
Funding Information:
This research was conducted with the support of the Institute for Social Science Research at Arizona State University (L.D.D., Principal Investigator), NICHD R01HD079520 (L.D.D., Principal Investigator, and a William T. Grant Foundation Scholars Award (L.D.D., Principal Investigator). These granting agencies had no further role in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2016/6/1
Y1 - 2016/6/1
N2 - Sleep has been linked to the daily patterns of stress-responsive physiological systems, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, extant research examining sleep and diurnal patterns of cortisol, the primary end product of the HPA axis, has primarily focused on sleep duration with limited attention on other facets of sleep. For example, it is not clear how specific aspects of sleep (e.g., sleep quality, sleep duration variability) are related to specific components of diurnal cortisol rhythms. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been recognized as a surrogate marker of ANS activity, but limited research has explored relations between sleep and sAA diurnal rhythms. The current study utilized an ecological momentary assessment protocol to examine within- and between-person relations between several facets of sleep behavior using multiple methods (e.g., subjective report, actigraphy) and salivary cortisol and sAA. Older adolescents (N = 76) provided saliva samples and diary entries five times per day over the course of three days. Sleep was assessed via questionnaire, through daily diaries, and monitored objectively using actigraphy over a four day period. Between-person results revealed that shorter average objective sleep duration and greater sleep duration variability were related to lower levels of waking cortisol and flatter diurnal slopes across the day. Within-person results revealed that on nights when individuals slept for shorter durations than usual they also had lower levels of waking cortisol the next day. Sleep was not related to the cortisol awakening response (CAR) or diurnal patterns of sAA, in either between-person or within-person analyses. However, typical sleep behaviors measured via questionnaire were related to waking levels of sAA. Overall, this study provides a greater understanding of how multiple components of sleep, measured in naturalistic environments, are related to cortisol and sAA diurnal rhythms, and how day-to-day, within-person changes in sleep duration contribute to daily variations in cortisol.
AB - Sleep has been linked to the daily patterns of stress-responsive physiological systems, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, extant research examining sleep and diurnal patterns of cortisol, the primary end product of the HPA axis, has primarily focused on sleep duration with limited attention on other facets of sleep. For example, it is not clear how specific aspects of sleep (e.g., sleep quality, sleep duration variability) are related to specific components of diurnal cortisol rhythms. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been recognized as a surrogate marker of ANS activity, but limited research has explored relations between sleep and sAA diurnal rhythms. The current study utilized an ecological momentary assessment protocol to examine within- and between-person relations between several facets of sleep behavior using multiple methods (e.g., subjective report, actigraphy) and salivary cortisol and sAA. Older adolescents (N = 76) provided saliva samples and diary entries five times per day over the course of three days. Sleep was assessed via questionnaire, through daily diaries, and monitored objectively using actigraphy over a four day period. Between-person results revealed that shorter average objective sleep duration and greater sleep duration variability were related to lower levels of waking cortisol and flatter diurnal slopes across the day. Within-person results revealed that on nights when individuals slept for shorter durations than usual they also had lower levels of waking cortisol the next day. Sleep was not related to the cortisol awakening response (CAR) or diurnal patterns of sAA, in either between-person or within-person analyses. However, typical sleep behaviors measured via questionnaire were related to waking levels of sAA. Overall, this study provides a greater understanding of how multiple components of sleep, measured in naturalistic environments, are related to cortisol and sAA diurnal rhythms, and how day-to-day, within-person changes in sleep duration contribute to daily variations in cortisol.
KW - Actigraphy
KW - Cortisol
KW - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
KW - Salivary alpha-amylase
KW - Sleep
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959565079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84959565079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.017
DO - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 26963376
AN - SCOPUS:84959565079
SN - 0306-4530
VL - 68
SP - 100
EP - 110
JO - Psychoneuroendocrinology
JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology
ER -