@article{747fb91871004c5eb846038da8321cc7,
title = "Evolution of hydromagnetic turbulence from the electroweak phase transition",
abstract = "We present new simulations of decaying hydromagnetic turbulence for a relativistic equation of state relevant to the early Universe. We compare helical and nonhelical cases either with kinetically or magnetically dominated initial fields. Both kinetic and magnetic initial helicities lead to maximally helical magnetic fields after some time, but with different temporal decay laws. Both are relevant to the early Universe, although no mechanisms have yet been identified that produce magnetic helicity with strengths comparable to the big bang nucleosynthesis limit at scales comparable to the Hubble horizon at the electroweak phase transition. Nonhelical magnetically dominated fields could still produce picoGauss magnetic fields under most optimistic conditions. Only helical magnetic fields can potentially have nanoGauss strengths at scales up to 30 kpc today.",
author = "Axel Brandenburg and Tina Kahniashvili and Sayan Mandal and Pol, {Alberto Roper} and Tevzadze, {Alexander G.} and Tanmay Vachaspati",
note = "Funding Information: It is our pleasure to thank Andrey Beresnyak, Alexey Boyarsky, Ruth Durrer, Arthur Kosowsky, Andrii Neronov, and Oleg Ruchayskiy for useful discussions. We thank NORDITA for hospitality and support during the course of this work. T.K. also thanks the High Energy and Cosmology division and the Associate Membership Program at International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) for hospitality and partial support. T.V. also thanks Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, for hospitality while this work was being completed. Support through the NSF Astrophysics and Astronomy Grant (AAG) Program (Grants No.AST1615940 and No.AST1615100), the Research Council of Norway (FRINATEK Grant No.231444), the Swiss NSF SCOPES (Grant No.IZ7370-152581), and the Georgian Shota Rustaveli NSF (Grant No.FR/264/6-350/14) are gratefully acknowledged. T.V. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Award No.DE-SC0018330 at ASU. We acknowledge the allocation of computing resources provided by the Swedish National Allocations Committee at the Center for Parallel Computers at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award No.CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. Funding Information: It is our pleasure to thank Andrey Beresnyak, Alexey Boyarsky, Ruth Durrer, Arthur Kosowsky, Andrii Neronov, and Oleg Ruchayskiy for useful discussions. We thank NORDITA for hospitality and support during the course of this work. T. K. also thanks the High Energy and Cosmology division and the Associate Membership Program at International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) for hospitality and partial support. T. V. also thanks Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, for hospitality while this work was being completed. Support through the NSF Astrophysics and Astronomy Grant (AAG) Program (Grants No. AST1615940 and No. AST1615100), the Research Council of Norway (FRINATEK Grant No. 231444), the Swiss NSF SCOPES (Grant No. IZ7370-152581), and the Georgian Shota Rustaveli NSF (Grant No. FR/264/6-350/14) are gratefully acknowledged. T. V. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Award No. DE-SC0018330 at ASU. We acknowledge the allocation of computing resources provided by the Swedish National Allocations Committee at the Center for Parallel Computers at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award No. CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 American Physical Society.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.96.123528",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "96",
journal = "Physical Review D",
issn = "2470-0010",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "12",
}