TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating Geodesign for Community-Based Tribal Planning
T2 - The Role of Planners in Marginalized Communities
AU - Davis, Jonathan
AU - Pijawka, K. David
AU - Wentz, Elizabeth
AU - Hale, Michelle
AU - King, David A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Despite this right to self-governance, many challenges remain in exercising this authority. Some of these challenges include conflicting priorities between the federal and tribal governments for land under tribal jurisdiction. Other challenges encompass efforts by states and the federal government to limit/undermine tribal authority in local decision making and limited planning experience within tribal communities as they strive to meet planning regulations imposed by funding sources (Galbraith, ; Hibbard, ; Matunga, ; Miller, ). Before the passage of the 1975 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, Indigenous planning primarily sought to secure grant funding through federal programs (Jojola, ). Tribes were likely to be passive participants or “rubber stamp” signatories at the end of a federally driven planning process.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Navajo Nation, Residual Funding, 2018.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Planning Association, Chicago, IL.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Problem, research strategy, and findings: Geodesign is a technology-supported planning approach that combines community collaboration and engagement with geospatial analysis to make land use decisions quickly. In this study we tested the role of Geodesign in improving the quality of local plans through community participation and collaborative decision making supported by geospatial analysis. Our research evaluates Geodesign as a tool and process in establishing community engagement in planning decisions by applying and analyzing Geodesign in two Navajo Nation communities in Arizona to use scientific and community knowledge to make consensus-based decisions for land use planning. There are three critical components to this analysis. First, we evaluate the use of Geodesign as a plan-making tool. Second, we examine how Geodesign can be inclusionary for planning using Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation with marginalized American Indian communities. Finally, we look at the planner’s role and required planning expertise in developing successful Geodesign plans. We conclude that Geodesign can empower historically marginalized Indigenous communities to make community-based land use plans that leverage local knowledge/values and geospatial analysis. Takeaway for practice: Planners can use Geodesign approaches to collaborate and guide marginalized communities to engage in the planning process and incorporate diverse perspectives and cultural values in decision making. A planner should judiciously apply their expertise in their role as a planning facilitator, trainer, and knowledge resource. Using geospatial data and community engagement, Geodesign produces community-based land use plans.
AB - Problem, research strategy, and findings: Geodesign is a technology-supported planning approach that combines community collaboration and engagement with geospatial analysis to make land use decisions quickly. In this study we tested the role of Geodesign in improving the quality of local plans through community participation and collaborative decision making supported by geospatial analysis. Our research evaluates Geodesign as a tool and process in establishing community engagement in planning decisions by applying and analyzing Geodesign in two Navajo Nation communities in Arizona to use scientific and community knowledge to make consensus-based decisions for land use planning. There are three critical components to this analysis. First, we evaluate the use of Geodesign as a plan-making tool. Second, we examine how Geodesign can be inclusionary for planning using Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation with marginalized American Indian communities. Finally, we look at the planner’s role and required planning expertise in developing successful Geodesign plans. We conclude that Geodesign can empower historically marginalized Indigenous communities to make community-based land use plans that leverage local knowledge/values and geospatial analysis. Takeaway for practice: Planners can use Geodesign approaches to collaborate and guide marginalized communities to engage in the planning process and incorporate diverse perspectives and cultural values in decision making. A planner should judiciously apply their expertise in their role as a planning facilitator, trainer, and knowledge resource. Using geospatial data and community engagement, Geodesign produces community-based land use plans.
KW - Geodesign
KW - Indigenous planning
KW - community-based planning
KW - decision support
KW - marginalized communities
KW - participatory GIS
KW - public participation
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U2 - 10.1080/01944363.2021.1873168
DO - 10.1080/01944363.2021.1873168
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106033839
SN - 0194-4363
VL - 87
SP - 527
EP - 541
JO - Journal of the American Planning Association
JF - Journal of the American Planning Association
IS - 4
ER -