Episodic canopy structural transformations and biological invasion in a Hawaiian forest

Agriculture & Biology

• canopy height 100%
• forest canopy 96%
• montane forests 88%
• lidar 79%
• insect outbreaks 78%
• canopy 60%
• Scotorythra paludicola 58%
• Hawaii 57%
• invasive species 51%
• canopy gaps 34%
• volcanoes 34%
• carbon sinks 30%
• space and time 28%
• spatial variation 27%
• lowlands 23%
• climate change 21%
• climate 20%
• drought 19%
• monitoring 16%
• insects 15%
• pathogens 14%