TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental enrichment protects against the effects of chronic stress on cognitive and morphological measures of hippocampal integrity
AU - Hutchinson, Katie M.
AU - McLaughlin, Katie J.
AU - Wright, Ryan L.
AU - Bryce Ortiz, J.
AU - Anouti, Danya P.
AU - Mika, Agnieszka
AU - Diamond, David M.
AU - Conrad, Cheryl
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by funds from the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (Conrad) MH64727 (Conrad), the Arizona State University School of Life Sciences, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Undergraduate Science Education Program (Anouti, Ortiz, and Mika), and the VA Merit Review and Career Scientist Awards (Diamond). The authors gratefully acknowledge Charles Armstrong, Sarah Baran, Heather Bimonte-Nelson, Krystal Carpenter, Natalie Conboy, Renée Dille, Mariam, El-Ashmawy, Gillian Hamilton, Jeffery Hanna, James Harman, Ann Hoffman, Roda Hajo, Thu Huynh, Becky Hyzer, Jocelyn Janni, Susan Neill-Eastwood, Collin Nelson, Danielle Niren, Thomas Paine, Alexandra Schilling, Michelle Sparks, Jessica Wilson and Matthew Young.
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - Chronic stress has detrimental effects on hippocampal integrity, while environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial effects when initiated early in development. In this study, we investigated whether EE initiated in adulthood would mitigate chronic stress effects on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal architecture, when EE started one week before chronic stress began, or two weeks after chronic stress onset. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were chronically restrained (6. h/d) or assigned as non-stressed controls and subdivided into EE or non-EE housing. After restraint ended, rats were tested on a radial arm water maze (RAWM) for 2-d to assess spatial learning and memory. The first study showed that when EE began prior to 3-weeks of chronic stress, EE attenuated chronic stress-induced impairments in acquisition, which corresponded with the prevention of chronic stress-induced reductions in CA3 apical dendritic length. A second study showed that when EE began 2-weeks after the onset of a 5-week stress regimen, EE blocked chronic stress-induced impairments in acquisition and retention at 1-h and 24-h delays. RAWM performance corresponded with CA3 apical dendritic complexity. Moreover, rats in EE housing (control or stress) exhibited similar corticosterone profiles across weeks, which differed from the muted corticosterone response to restraint by the chronically stressed pair-housed rats. These data support the interpretation that chronic stress and EE may act on similar mechanisms within the hippocampus, and that manipulation of these factors may yield new directions for optimizing brain integrity and resilience under chronic stress or stress related neuropsychological disorders in the adult.
AB - Chronic stress has detrimental effects on hippocampal integrity, while environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial effects when initiated early in development. In this study, we investigated whether EE initiated in adulthood would mitigate chronic stress effects on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal architecture, when EE started one week before chronic stress began, or two weeks after chronic stress onset. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were chronically restrained (6. h/d) or assigned as non-stressed controls and subdivided into EE or non-EE housing. After restraint ended, rats were tested on a radial arm water maze (RAWM) for 2-d to assess spatial learning and memory. The first study showed that when EE began prior to 3-weeks of chronic stress, EE attenuated chronic stress-induced impairments in acquisition, which corresponded with the prevention of chronic stress-induced reductions in CA3 apical dendritic length. A second study showed that when EE began 2-weeks after the onset of a 5-week stress regimen, EE blocked chronic stress-induced impairments in acquisition and retention at 1-h and 24-h delays. RAWM performance corresponded with CA3 apical dendritic complexity. Moreover, rats in EE housing (control or stress) exhibited similar corticosterone profiles across weeks, which differed from the muted corticosterone response to restraint by the chronically stressed pair-housed rats. These data support the interpretation that chronic stress and EE may act on similar mechanisms within the hippocampus, and that manipulation of these factors may yield new directions for optimizing brain integrity and resilience under chronic stress or stress related neuropsychological disorders in the adult.
KW - Environmental enrichment
KW - Hippocampus
KW - Reference memory
KW - Spatial learning
KW - Stress
KW - Working memory
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U2 - 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.01.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 22266288
AN - SCOPUS:84856787627
VL - 97
SP - 250
EP - 260
JO - Communications in behavioral biology. Part A: [Original articles]
JF - Communications in behavioral biology. Part A: [Original articles]
SN - 1074-7427
IS - 2
ER -