TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of alloying elements, water vapor content, and temperature on the oxidation of interstitial-free steels
AU - Zhang, Z. T.
AU - Sohn, I. R.
AU - Pettit, F. S.
AU - Meier, G. H.
AU - Sridhar, S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support from POSCO is acknowledged. The authors thank Ms. T.L. Baum and Mr. C. Wang for their technical help and interesting discussions during the TG analysis and SEM measurements. Special thanks are also extended to Mr. B. Webler, Dr. J. Nakano, and Mr. C. Thorning for instructive discussions.
PY - 2009/8
Y1 - 2009/8
N2 - The present study is an investigation of the surface and subsurface oxidation of Mn solid-solution-strengthened interstitial-free (IF) steels with the objective of elucidating the surface evolution before coating. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was carried out under 95 vol pct Ar + 5 vol pct (H2 + H2O) atmospheres with PH2O/PH2 ranging from 0.01 to 0.13 and temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 843 °C. Post-exposure characterization was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the external and internal oxide evolution. The oxidation proceeds as a combination of the internal and external formation of Mn oxides. Decreasing the PH 2O/PH2 ratios or temperature has the effect of decreasing the amount of oxidation, which is a combination of internal and external oxidation controlled by solid-state oxygen and manganese diffusion, respectively. External oxides are not continuous; they are instead concentrated near the intersection of alloy grain boundaries with the external surface. Internal oxides are concentrated along the grain boundaries. The effects of Sb (0.03 wt pct), B (10 ppm), P (0.04 and 0.08 wt pct), and Si (0.06 to 1.5 wt pct) on the oxidation were investigated. It is found that small amounts of Sb and B have a significant effect on decreasing both the external and internal oxidation, whereas Si and P increase the external and internal oxidation.
AB - The present study is an investigation of the surface and subsurface oxidation of Mn solid-solution-strengthened interstitial-free (IF) steels with the objective of elucidating the surface evolution before coating. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was carried out under 95 vol pct Ar + 5 vol pct (H2 + H2O) atmospheres with PH2O/PH2 ranging from 0.01 to 0.13 and temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 843 °C. Post-exposure characterization was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the external and internal oxide evolution. The oxidation proceeds as a combination of the internal and external formation of Mn oxides. Decreasing the PH 2O/PH2 ratios or temperature has the effect of decreasing the amount of oxidation, which is a combination of internal and external oxidation controlled by solid-state oxygen and manganese diffusion, respectively. External oxides are not continuous; they are instead concentrated near the intersection of alloy grain boundaries with the external surface. Internal oxides are concentrated along the grain boundaries. The effects of Sb (0.03 wt pct), B (10 ppm), P (0.04 and 0.08 wt pct), and Si (0.06 to 1.5 wt pct) on the oxidation were investigated. It is found that small amounts of Sb and B have a significant effect on decreasing both the external and internal oxidation, whereas Si and P increase the external and internal oxidation.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11663-009-9238-y
DO - 10.1007/s11663-009-9238-y
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:68549133285
SN - 1073-5615
VL - 40
SP - 550
EP - 566
JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
IS - 4
ER -