Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of dynamic vibrotactile warning signals with different spatial patterns and to compare dynamic towards-torso and towards-head vibrotactile warnings in a simulated driving task. The results revealed that embedding additional stimuli between the participant's hands and waist in the towards-torso cues (Experiment 1) and increasing the spatial distance between adjacent stimuli in the towards-head cues (Experiment 2) did not result in any further benefits in braking response times (BRTs). The triple towards-head cues resulting from the sequential operation of three pairs of stimuli on the torso gave rise to a significant advantage over the static cues; however, it did not outperform the dynamic towards-torso cues with just two pairs of stimuli. Taken together, these results demonstrated the promise of dynamic vibrotactile warnings (especially, the towards-torso warnings) in terms of the future design of more effective rear-end collision warnings.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 411-425 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Ergonomics |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 4 2015 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- brake reaction time
- driving
- frontal collision warning
- haptic
- interface design
- tactile
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation