@inbook{65e09b8bb3ad46baa098c8f9fc1b5819,
title = "Dynamic contrast enhancement (dce) mri–derived renal perfusion and filtration: Basic concepts",
abstract = "Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI monitors the transit of contrast agents, typically gadolinium chelates, through the intrarenal regions, the renal cortex, the medulla, and the collecting system. In this way, DCE-MRI reveals the renal uptake and excretion of the contrast agent. An optimal DCE-MRI acquisition protocol involves finding a good compromise between whole-kidney coverage (i.e., 3D imaging), spatial and temporal resolution, and contrast resolution. By analyzing the enhancement of the renal tissues as a function of time, one can determine indirect measures of clinically important single-kidney parameters as the renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and intrarenal blood volumes. Gadolinium-containing contrast agents may be nephrotoxic in patients suffering from severe renal dysfunction, but otherwise DCE-MRI is clearly useful for diagnosis of renal functions and for assessing treatment response and posttransplant rejection. Here we introduce the concept of renal DCE-MRI, describe the existing methods, and provide an overview of preclinical DCE-MRI applications to illustrate the utility of this technique to measure renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate in animal models. This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction is complemented by two separate publications describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.",
keywords = "Contrast agent, Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE), Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Kidney, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Mice, Perfusion, Rats, T mapping",
author = "Michael Pedersen and Pietro Irrera and Walter Dastr{\`u} and Z{\"o}llner, {Frank G.} and Bennett, {Kevin M.} and Beeman, {Scott C.} and Bretthorst, {G. Larry} and Garbow, {Joel R.} and Longo, {Dario Livio}",
note = "Funding Information: This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction is complemented by two separate publications describing the experimental procedure and data analysis. Funding Information: The Italian Ministry for Education and Research (MIUR) is gratefully acknowledged for yearly FOE funding to the Euro BioImaging Multi-Modal Molecular Imaging Italian Node (MMMI). This publication is based upon work from COST Action PARENCHIMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to enrich their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career, and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2021.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_12",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "205--227",
booktitle = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
}