TY - JOUR
T1 - Dual thinking for scientists
AU - Scheffer, Marten
AU - Bascompte, Jordi
AU - Bjordam, Tone K.
AU - Carpenter, Stephen R.
AU - Clarke, Laurie B.
AU - Folke, Carl
AU - Marquet, Pablo
AU - Mazzeo, Nestor
AU - Meerhoff, Mariana
AU - Sala, Osvaldo
AU - Westley, Frances R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the author(s).
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Recent studies provide compelling evidence for the idea that creative thinking draws upon two kinds of processes linked to distinct physiological features, and stimulated under different conditions. In short, the fast system-I produces intuition whereas the slow and deliberate system-II produces reasoning. System-I can help see novel solutions and associations instantaneously, but is prone to error. System-II has other biases, but can help checking and modifying the system-I results. Although thinking is the core business of science, the accepted ways of doing our work focus almost entirely on facilitating system-II. We discuss the role of system-I thinking in past scientific breakthroughs, and argue that scientific progress may be catalyzed by creating conditions for such associative intuitive thinking in our academic lives and in education. Unstructured socializing time, education for daring exploration, and cooperation with the arts are among the potential elements. Because such activities may be looked upon as procrastination rather than work, deliberate effort is needed to counteract our systematic bias.
AB - Recent studies provide compelling evidence for the idea that creative thinking draws upon two kinds of processes linked to distinct physiological features, and stimulated under different conditions. In short, the fast system-I produces intuition whereas the slow and deliberate system-II produces reasoning. System-I can help see novel solutions and associations instantaneously, but is prone to error. System-II has other biases, but can help checking and modifying the system-I results. Although thinking is the core business of science, the accepted ways of doing our work focus almost entirely on facilitating system-II. We discuss the role of system-I thinking in past scientific breakthroughs, and argue that scientific progress may be catalyzed by creating conditions for such associative intuitive thinking in our academic lives and in education. Unstructured socializing time, education for daring exploration, and cooperation with the arts are among the potential elements. Because such activities may be looked upon as procrastination rather than work, deliberate effort is needed to counteract our systematic bias.
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U2 - 10.5751/ES-07434-200203
DO - 10.5751/ES-07434-200203
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84934782992
VL - 20
JO - Conservation Ecology
JF - Conservation Ecology
SN - 1708-3087
IS - 2
ER -