DNA-based materials as self-assembling scaffolds for interfacing with cells

In this chapter, we will outline key applications for DNA as a scaffold for interfacing with and guiding the activity of biological systems. DNA is a highly programmable molecular building block but generally lacks activity for signaling cells. However, by synthesizing hybrid molecules of DNA linked to biologically active molecules like proteins or peptides, it is possible to imbue them with bioactivity. We will focus on two main categories of DNA-based materials: (1) three-dimensional hydrogels for cell encapsulation and/or delivery and (2) two-dimensional surfaces for studying cell-matrix interactions. Critically, we will restrict ourselves to systems that incorporate cells and strive to mimic the extracellular environment. These materials are highly promising for a broad range of applications in biology, bioengineering, and medicine.