Direct atomic images of dislocation motion caused by image force near surfaces of Pd crystal

The motion of a Lomer dislocation near clean [Equation found] surface of the Pd metal was observed in situ at the atomic level by surface profíle imaging technique. The observed distances between the location of the Lomer dislocation and the surface was just covered by the calculated critical range l, within which the image force alone may become the cause of dislocation.