Determination of Mg2+ Speciation in a TFSI--Based Ionic Liquid with and Without Chelating Ethers Using Raman Spectroscopy

Tylan Watkins; Daniel Buttry

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00339

Determination of Mg2+ Speciation in a TFSI--Based Ionic Liquid with and Without Chelating Ethers Using Raman Spectroscopy

Tylan Watkins, Daniel Buttry

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43 Scopus citations

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy was employed to assess the complex environment of magnesium salts in the n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPyrTFSI) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). At room temperature, Mg(TFSI)<inf>2</inf> was miscible with BMPyrTFSI and formulated by [Mg(TFSI)<inf>2</inf>]<inf>x</inf>[BMPyrTFSI]<inf>1-x</inf> (x ≤ 0.55). Results suggest that at low concentrations of Mg(TFSI)<inf>2</inf>, anionic complexes in which Mg2+ is surrounded by at least four TFSI- were formed. Above x = 0.2 an average of three TFSI- surround each Mg2+. Below x = 0.12, there is a greater number of monodentate interactions between TFSI- oxygens and Mg2+ cations, whereas above x = 0.12 bidentate ligands dominate. The fraction of TFSI- existing in the cis conformation increased with increasing Mg2+ concentration. Mg(ClO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> was also studied as a Mg2+ source. At equivalent mole fractions to those of the Mg(TFSI)<inf>2</inf> salt, Mg2+ from Mg(ClO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> was surrounded by only two TFSI- anions as ClO<inf>4</inf>- appeared to compete with TFSI- for coordination with Mg2+. Similar behavior was also observed for the less soluble halide salts MgX<inf>2</inf> (X = Cl, Br, I). Additions of chelating ligands were shown to effectively reduce the average number of TFSI- around Mg2+ in a manner consistent with maintaining a sixfold oxygen coordination number around Mg2+. Furthermore, an alternative class of ionic liquids, known as "solvate" ionic liquids, were produced. In this case glymes (Gm, m + 1 ether oxygens) were mixed with Mg(TFSI)<inf>2</inf> so that glymes chelated Mg2+, creating Mg(Gm)<inf>y</inf>2+ complexes. The general formula was given by Mg(Gm)<inf>y</inf>(TFSI)<inf>2</inf>. These solvate ILs melt between 40 and 80 °C. Raman spectra clearly showed the glyme chelating ability and stronger coordination with Mg2+ with respect to TFSI-. Finally, linear sweep voltammograms showed the anodic stability of the glymes to improve due to coordination with Mg2+. (Graph Presented).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	7003-7014
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Volume	119
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00339
State	Published - Jun 11 2015

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Materials Chemistry
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

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@article{9ec32c3ad8fe45dd98c73ce7cc33c1c1,

title = "Determination of Mg2+ Speciation in a TFSI--Based Ionic Liquid with and Without Chelating Ethers Using Raman Spectroscopy",

abstract = "Raman spectroscopy was employed to assess the complex environment of magnesium salts in the n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPyrTFSI) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). At room temperature, Mg(TFSI)2 was miscible with BMPyrTFSI and formulated by [Mg(TFSI)2]x[BMPyrTFSI]1-x (x ≤ 0.55). Results suggest that at low concentrations of Mg(TFSI)2, anionic complexes in which Mg2+ is surrounded by at least four TFSI- were formed. Above x = 0.2 an average of three TFSI- surround each Mg2+. Below x = 0.12, there is a greater number of monodentate interactions between TFSI- oxygens and Mg2+ cations, whereas above x = 0.12 bidentate ligands dominate. The fraction of TFSI- existing in the cis conformation increased with increasing Mg2+ concentration. Mg(ClO4)2 was also studied as a Mg2+ source. At equivalent mole fractions to those of the Mg(TFSI)2 salt, Mg2+ from Mg(ClO4)2 was surrounded by only two TFSI- anions as ClO4- appeared to compete with TFSI- for coordination with Mg2+. Similar behavior was also observed for the less soluble halide salts MgX2 (X = Cl, Br, I). Additions of chelating ligands were shown to effectively reduce the average number of TFSI- around Mg2+ in a manner consistent with maintaining a sixfold oxygen coordination number around Mg2+. Furthermore, an alternative class of ionic liquids, known as {"}solvate{"} ionic liquids, were produced. In this case glymes (Gm, m + 1 ether oxygens) were mixed with Mg(TFSI)2 so that glymes chelated Mg2+, creating Mg(Gm)y2+ complexes. The general formula was given by Mg(Gm)y(TFSI)2. These solvate ILs melt between 40 and 80 °C. Raman spectra clearly showed the glyme chelating ability and stronger coordination with Mg2+ with respect to TFSI-. Finally, linear sweep voltammograms showed the anodic stability of the glymes to improve due to coordination with Mg2+. (Graph Presented).",

author = "Tylan Watkins and Daniel Buttry",

year = "2015",

month = jun,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00339",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "119",

pages = "7003--7014",

journal = "Journal of Physical Chemistry B Materials",

issn = "1520-6106",

publisher = "American Chemical Society",

number = "23",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Determination of Mg2+ Speciation in a TFSI--Based Ionic Liquid with and Without Chelating Ethers Using Raman Spectroscopy

AU - Watkins, Tylan

AU - Buttry, Daniel

PY - 2015/6/11

Y1 - 2015/6/11

N2 - Raman spectroscopy was employed to assess the complex environment of magnesium salts in the n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPyrTFSI) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). At room temperature, Mg(TFSI)2 was miscible with BMPyrTFSI and formulated by [Mg(TFSI)2]x[BMPyrTFSI]1-x (x ≤ 0.55). Results suggest that at low concentrations of Mg(TFSI)2, anionic complexes in which Mg2+ is surrounded by at least four TFSI- were formed. Above x = 0.2 an average of three TFSI- surround each Mg2+. Below x = 0.12, there is a greater number of monodentate interactions between TFSI- oxygens and Mg2+ cations, whereas above x = 0.12 bidentate ligands dominate. The fraction of TFSI- existing in the cis conformation increased with increasing Mg2+ concentration. Mg(ClO4)2 was also studied as a Mg2+ source. At equivalent mole fractions to those of the Mg(TFSI)2 salt, Mg2+ from Mg(ClO4)2 was surrounded by only two TFSI- anions as ClO4- appeared to compete with TFSI- for coordination with Mg2+. Similar behavior was also observed for the less soluble halide salts MgX2 (X = Cl, Br, I). Additions of chelating ligands were shown to effectively reduce the average number of TFSI- around Mg2+ in a manner consistent with maintaining a sixfold oxygen coordination number around Mg2+. Furthermore, an alternative class of ionic liquids, known as "solvate" ionic liquids, were produced. In this case glymes (Gm, m + 1 ether oxygens) were mixed with Mg(TFSI)2 so that glymes chelated Mg2+, creating Mg(Gm)y2+ complexes. The general formula was given by Mg(Gm)y(TFSI)2. These solvate ILs melt between 40 and 80 °C. Raman spectra clearly showed the glyme chelating ability and stronger coordination with Mg2+ with respect to TFSI-. Finally, linear sweep voltammograms showed the anodic stability of the glymes to improve due to coordination with Mg2+. (Graph Presented).

AB - Raman spectroscopy was employed to assess the complex environment of magnesium salts in the n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPyrTFSI) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). At room temperature, Mg(TFSI)2 was miscible with BMPyrTFSI and formulated by [Mg(TFSI)2]x[BMPyrTFSI]1-x (x ≤ 0.55). Results suggest that at low concentrations of Mg(TFSI)2, anionic complexes in which Mg2+ is surrounded by at least four TFSI- were formed. Above x = 0.2 an average of three TFSI- surround each Mg2+. Below x = 0.12, there is a greater number of monodentate interactions between TFSI- oxygens and Mg2+ cations, whereas above x = 0.12 bidentate ligands dominate. The fraction of TFSI- existing in the cis conformation increased with increasing Mg2+ concentration. Mg(ClO4)2 was also studied as a Mg2+ source. At equivalent mole fractions to those of the Mg(TFSI)2 salt, Mg2+ from Mg(ClO4)2 was surrounded by only two TFSI- anions as ClO4- appeared to compete with TFSI- for coordination with Mg2+. Similar behavior was also observed for the less soluble halide salts MgX2 (X = Cl, Br, I). Additions of chelating ligands were shown to effectively reduce the average number of TFSI- around Mg2+ in a manner consistent with maintaining a sixfold oxygen coordination number around Mg2+. Furthermore, an alternative class of ionic liquids, known as "solvate" ionic liquids, were produced. In this case glymes (Gm, m + 1 ether oxygens) were mixed with Mg(TFSI)2 so that glymes chelated Mg2+, creating Mg(Gm)y2+ complexes. The general formula was given by Mg(Gm)y(TFSI)2. These solvate ILs melt between 40 and 80 °C. Raman spectra clearly showed the glyme chelating ability and stronger coordination with Mg2+ with respect to TFSI-. Finally, linear sweep voltammograms showed the anodic stability of the glymes to improve due to coordination with Mg2+. (Graph Presented).

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Determination of Mg<sup>2+</sup> Speciation in a TFSI<sup>-</sup>-Based Ionic Liquid with and Without Chelating Ethers Using Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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