Determination of Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ in electron-beam-damaged CeO₂ by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Engineering & Materials Science

• Electron energy loss spectroscopy 100%
• Cerium oxide 70%
• Electron beams 65%
• Electron microscopes 13%
• Oxidation 12%
• Oxides 11%
• Energy dissipation 11%

Physics & Astronomy

• energy dissipation 44%
• electron energy 41%
• electron beams 39%
• spectroscopy 29%
• inversions 9%
• electron microscopes 8%
• oxidation 8%
• damage 7%
• oxides 6%
• energy 3%

Chemical Compounds

• Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy 67%
• Shape 36%
• Reduction 16%
• Electron Particle 10%
• Oxide 10%
• Energy 8%
• Oxidation Reaction 8%