TY - JOUR
T1 - Design and operation of a windowless gas target internal to a solenoidal magnet for use with a megawatt electron beam
AU - Lee, S.
AU - Corliss, R.
AU - Friščić, I.
AU - Alarcon, R.
AU - Aulenbacher, S.
AU - Balewski, J.
AU - Benson, S.
AU - Bernauer, J. C.
AU - Bessuille, J.
AU - Boyce, J.
AU - Coleman, J.
AU - Douglas, D.
AU - Epstein, C. S.
AU - Fisher, P.
AU - Frierson, S.
AU - Garçon, M.
AU - Grames, J.
AU - Hasell, D.
AU - Hernandez-Garcia, C.
AU - Ihloff, E.
AU - Johnston, R.
AU - Jordan, K.
AU - Kazimi, R.
AU - Kelsey, J.
AU - Kohl, M.
AU - Liyanage, A.
AU - McCaughan, M.
AU - Milner, R. G.
AU - Moran, P.
AU - Nazeer, J.
AU - Palumbo, D.
AU - Poelker, M.
AU - Randall, G.
AU - Steadman, S. G.
AU - Tennant, C.
AU - Tschalär, C.
AU - Vidal, C.
AU - Vogel, C.
AU - Wang, Y.
AU - Zhang, S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/9/21
Y1 - 2019/9/21
N2 - A windowless hydrogen gas target of nominal thickness 1019 cm−2 is an essential component of the DarkLight experiment, which is designed to utilize the megawatt electron beam at an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). The design of such a target is challenging because the pressure drops by many orders of magnitude between the central, high-density section of the target and the surrounding beamline, resulting in laminar, transitional, and finally molecular flow regimes. The target system was assembled and operated at Jefferson Lab's Low Energy Recirculator Facility (LERF) in 2016, and subsequently underwent several revisions and calibration tests at MIT Bates in 2017. The system at dynamic equilibrium was simulated in COMSOL to provide a better understanding of its optimal operation at other working points. We have determined that a windowless gas target with sufficiently high density for DarkLight's experimental needs is feasible in an ERL environment.
AB - A windowless hydrogen gas target of nominal thickness 1019 cm−2 is an essential component of the DarkLight experiment, which is designed to utilize the megawatt electron beam at an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). The design of such a target is challenging because the pressure drops by many orders of magnitude between the central, high-density section of the target and the surrounding beamline, resulting in laminar, transitional, and finally molecular flow regimes. The target system was assembled and operated at Jefferson Lab's Low Energy Recirculator Facility (LERF) in 2016, and subsequently underwent several revisions and calibration tests at MIT Bates in 2017. The system at dynamic equilibrium was simulated in COMSOL to provide a better understanding of its optimal operation at other working points. We have determined that a windowless gas target with sufficiently high density for DarkLight's experimental needs is feasible in an ERL environment.
KW - COMSOL
KW - Dark photon
KW - DarkLight
KW - Windowless gas target
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U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.071
DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.071
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85066825047
SN - 0168-9002
VL - 939
SP - 46
EP - 54
JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
ER -