Abstract
Plagioclase and spinel lherzolite thermometry and barometry are applied to an extensive geochemical dataset of young (<10.5 Ma) primitive basaltic lavas from across Oregon's High Lava Plains, California's Modoc Plateau, and the central-southern Cascades volcanic arc to calculate the depths and temperatures of mantle melting. This study focuses on basalts with low pre-eruptive H 2O contents that are little fractionated near-primary melts of mantle peridotite (i.e., basalts thought to be products of anhydrous decompression mantle melting). Calculated minimum depths of nominally anhydrous melt extraction are 40-58 km below Oregon's High Lava Plains, 41-51 km below the Modoc Plateau, and 37-60 km below the central and southern Cascades arc. The calculated depths are very close to Moho depths as determined from a number of regional geophysical studies and suggest that the geophysical Moho and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in this region are located in very close proximity to one another (within 5-10 km). The basalts originated at 1185-1383°C and point to a generally warm mantle beneath this area but not one hot enough to obviously require a plume contribution. Our results, combined with a range of other geologic, geophysical, and geochemical constraints, are consistent with a regional model whereby anhydrous mantle melting over the last 10.5 Ma in a modern convergent margin and back arc was driven by subduction-induced corner flow in the mantle wedge, and to a lesser extent, toroidal flow around the southern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates, and crustal extension-related upwelling of the shallow mantle.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 864-879 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Apr 1 2013 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cascades arc
- High Lava Plains
- Modoc Plateau
- depth of melting
- high alumina olivine tholeiite
- lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
- thermometry
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geophysics
- Geochemistry and Petrology