TY - JOUR
T1 - Decreased protein binding of mycophenolic acid associated with leukopenia in a pancreas transplant recipient with renal failure
AU - Kaplan, Bruce
AU - Gruber, Scott A.
AU - Nallamathou, Ratnaji
AU - Katz, Stephen M.
AU - Shaw, Les M.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1998/4/27
Y1 - 1998/4/27
N2 - Background. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is rapidly hydrolyzed to its active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA), which is excreted by the kidney after undergoing glucuronidation to MPAG. MPAG has been shown to accumulated in patients with renal failure. MPA is extensively and avidly bound to human serum albumin. In vitro inhibition of the pharmacologic target, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, is dependent on free MPA. It has been demonstrated that high MPAG concentrations decrease MPA protein binding in vitro. In addition, the uremic state is associated with altered protein binding of many drugs. Methods. We assessed free MPA, total MPA, and MPAG kinetics in a patient with renal failure receiving MMF for a pancreas transplant, who presented with signs of MMF toxicity. MPA, MPAG, and free MPA were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and a validated 14C-MPA ultrafiltration methodology. Results. The MPAG area under the concentration curve (AUC) in this patient was extremely high (5899 μg x hr/ml). The total MPA AUC of 36.8 μg x hr/ml was within the range usually obtained in stable renal patients. The free fraction of MPA and the free MPA AUC were markedly elevated (13.8% and 5.07 μg x hr/ml, respectively). Conclusions. Patients with severe renal insufficiency may have markedly increased free MPA levels that may not be reflected in total MPA concentrations. These patients may be at increased risk for MF-related toxicity.
AB - Background. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is rapidly hydrolyzed to its active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA), which is excreted by the kidney after undergoing glucuronidation to MPAG. MPAG has been shown to accumulated in patients with renal failure. MPA is extensively and avidly bound to human serum albumin. In vitro inhibition of the pharmacologic target, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, is dependent on free MPA. It has been demonstrated that high MPAG concentrations decrease MPA protein binding in vitro. In addition, the uremic state is associated with altered protein binding of many drugs. Methods. We assessed free MPA, total MPA, and MPAG kinetics in a patient with renal failure receiving MMF for a pancreas transplant, who presented with signs of MMF toxicity. MPA, MPAG, and free MPA were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and a validated 14C-MPA ultrafiltration methodology. Results. The MPAG area under the concentration curve (AUC) in this patient was extremely high (5899 μg x hr/ml). The total MPA AUC of 36.8 μg x hr/ml was within the range usually obtained in stable renal patients. The free fraction of MPA and the free MPA AUC were markedly elevated (13.8% and 5.07 μg x hr/ml, respectively). Conclusions. Patients with severe renal insufficiency may have markedly increased free MPA levels that may not be reflected in total MPA concentrations. These patients may be at increased risk for MF-related toxicity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032571857&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032571857&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/00007890-199804270-00019
DO - 10.1097/00007890-199804270-00019
M3 - Article
C2 - 9583876
AN - SCOPUS:0032571857
SN - 0041-1337
VL - 65
SP - 1127
EP - 1129
JO - Transplantation
JF - Transplantation
IS - 8
ER -