TY - JOUR
T1 - Decomposing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise
T2 - Application to stages of motivational readiness
AU - Buckworth, Janet
AU - Lee, Rebecca E.
AU - Regan, Gail
AU - Schneider, Lori K.
AU - DiClemente, Carlo C.
PY - 2007/7
Y1 - 2007/7
N2 - Objectives: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise, and to examine differences in motivation as a function of stage of motivational readiness for exercise. Design: A cross-sectional design was employed in study one, and a longitudinal design was used in study two. Methods: In study one, 184 healthy college students completed instruments to measure motivation and exercise stage. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations were factor analyzed into subscales and validated in study two on a second sample of college students (n=220) by analyzing shifts in endorsement of motivation subscales from the beginning to end of the academic term. Results: In both samples, intrinsic motivation for exercise was most highly endorsed in maintenance and lowest in contemplation stage. All extrinsic motivation subscales except tangible rewards were also most highly endorsed in maintenance compared to other stages. In study two, students in activity classes (n=72) endorsed both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation more than those in lecture classes (n=70). Relative to patterns of physical activity, intrinsic motivation was greater than extrinsic motivation for the continually active group, and decreased for the continually inactive group. Exercise maintenance was fostered by greater intrinsic relative to extrinsic motivation. Conclusion: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can be decomposed into meaningful subfactors that are differentially related to exercise adoption and maintenance.
AB - Objectives: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise, and to examine differences in motivation as a function of stage of motivational readiness for exercise. Design: A cross-sectional design was employed in study one, and a longitudinal design was used in study two. Methods: In study one, 184 healthy college students completed instruments to measure motivation and exercise stage. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations were factor analyzed into subscales and validated in study two on a second sample of college students (n=220) by analyzing shifts in endorsement of motivation subscales from the beginning to end of the academic term. Results: In both samples, intrinsic motivation for exercise was most highly endorsed in maintenance and lowest in contemplation stage. All extrinsic motivation subscales except tangible rewards were also most highly endorsed in maintenance compared to other stages. In study two, students in activity classes (n=72) endorsed both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation more than those in lecture classes (n=70). Relative to patterns of physical activity, intrinsic motivation was greater than extrinsic motivation for the continually active group, and decreased for the continually inactive group. Exercise maintenance was fostered by greater intrinsic relative to extrinsic motivation. Conclusion: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can be decomposed into meaningful subfactors that are differentially related to exercise adoption and maintenance.
KW - Physical activity
KW - Psychosocial inventories
KW - Stage of change
KW - Transtheoretical model
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U2 - 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.007
DO - 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34248378766
SN - 1469-0292
VL - 8
SP - 441
EP - 461
JO - Psychology of Sport and Exercise
JF - Psychology of Sport and Exercise
IS - 4
ER -