Cultural diversity and paleomobility in the Andean Middle Horizon: Radiogenic strontium isotope analyses in the San Pedro de Atacama oases of Northern Chile

Kelly Knudson, Christina Torres-Rouff

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

29 Scopus citations

Abstract

Despite a long history of research, interactions between the Tiwanaku polity of the Andean Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 500-1100) and the San Pedro de Atacama oases of northern Chile remain controversial. Here, we investigate Middle Horizon interactions through an isotopic identification of the geographic origins of individuals buried in San Pedro de Atacama cemeteries and present the largest radiogenic strontium isotope dataset generated, to date, for the Andes. For individuals in Middle Horizon San Pedro de Atacama cemeteries of Casa Parroquial, Coyo Oriental, Coyo-3, Larache, Quitor-5, Solcor-3, Solcor Plaza, Solor-3, and Tchecar Túmulo Sur, mean tooth enamel and bone 87Sr/86Sr = .70834 ± .00172 (2σ, n = 273). Overall, the mean 87Sr/86Sr values from Middle Horizon San Pedro de Atacama cemeteries support the idea that interactions between Atacameños and inhabitants of other regions varied by ayllu, an Andean kin-based community structure, with some ayllus incorporating individuals with a wider variety of geographic origins than others. When our interpretations of the radiogenic strontium isotope data are contextualized with analyses of mortuary behavior and recent biodistance analyses, we argue that the San Pedro de Atacama oases appear to be have been inhabited by culturally and biologically diverse groups rather than by large numbers of colonists from the Tiwanaku capital and the Lake Titicaca Basin.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)170-188
Number of pages19
JournalLatin American Antiquity
Volume25
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2014

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Archaeology
  • History
  • Archaeology

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