Computer-aided detection (CAD) for CT colonography: A tool to address a growing need

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women. It is estimated that in 2004, nearly 147 000 cases of colon and rectal cancer will be diagnosed in the USA, and approximately 57 000 people would die from the disease; however, only 44% of the eligible population undergoes any type of colorectal cancer screening. Many reasons have been identified for non-compliance, with key ones being patient comfort, bowel preparation and cost. Virtual colonoscopy derived from computed tomography (CT) images is gaining broader acceptance as a screening method for colorectal neoplasia. Our research suggests that computer-aided detection (CAD) as a second reader has great potential in improving polyp detection. The ColonCAD prototype presented in this paper was developed and tested on cases representative of the variability and quality in true clinical practice. Results of this study with 150 patients demonstrate that: the developed algorithm generalises well: the sensitivity for polyps ≥6 mm is on average 90%; and the median false positive rate is a manageable 3 per volume.