@article{579849e1677f4a8a8001709a085870df,
title = "Complex precipitates of tin-mcx in gcr15 bearing steel",
abstract = "Nitride and carbide are the second phases which play an important role in the performance of bearing steel, and their precipitation behavior is complicated. In this study, TiN-MCxprecipitations in GCr15 bearing steels were obtained by non-aqueous electrolysis, and their precipitation mechanisms were studied. TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 and Fe3C; therefore, MCxcan precipitate on the surface of TiN easily. The chemistry component of MCx consists of M3C and M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr, Mn) and Cr3C2. TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction, TiN forms in early stage of solidification, and MCx precipitates on TiN surface after TiN engulfed by the solidification advancing front. TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction, TiN and MCx form in late stage of solidification, TiN can not grow sufficiently and is covered by numerous precipitated MCxparticles.",
keywords = "Bearings, High carbon chromium bearing steel, Non-aqueous electrolysis, Precipitation, TiN-MCx",
author = "Qianren Tian and Guocheng Wang and Xinghu Yuan and Qi Wang and Seetharaman Sridhar",
note = "Funding Information: 5.ConclusionsThe size of TiN-MCx is larger than TiN, TiN-MCx moves more slowly than TiN, and is easier to be swInaltlhoiws esdtu dbyy, tThieN -sMoliCdxifipcraetcioipni tfartoionnt. mAeftcehra nthisemeninguGlfCmre1n5t,bpeaarritnicglesst ewelisll wcoenretinaunealytozegdrobwy cthomrobuignhin sgoltihdesteaxtpe edriifmfuesniotsn,o tfhne orna-teaqoufewohuischel wecitlrlo dlyecsirse,aFseESwEitMh doebcsreeravsaintigo ntewmiptheraEtDurSe.aFnodr XTRiND- aMnCalxypsiussahsedwteoll tahse wliqituhidth pehtahseeo,reelteimcaelnatnsasleygsrisegoafttiohner pmroovdiydneasm thice apnodsscibryilsittya lfloorgtrhaep hgircoawntahlyosf eMs Cinx aodnd TitiiNon, tToiCNL-MSMCxobgsreorwvaintigonufnotrilp iutss hsiinzgeainsd laernggeulefnmoeungthb ethoa vbieoreonfgpualfretdiclebsy. Tthhee msoaliidn cpohnacslue.siTonhse cparnecbipe idtartaiwonn:mechanism of TiN-MCx in different solidification periods can be confirmed. • TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction precipitates at the early stage of solidification and has (1) TiN-MCxcomposed of TiN and MCx, TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 better growth kinetics in the melt. After being engulfed by the solidification front, MCx grows at and Fe3C, in which the MCx precipitates on the surface of TiN was observed in GCr15 bearing steel. a lower rate on the surface of TiN. (2) MCx(M = Fe, Cr, Mn) in GCr15 bearing steel smelted by converter is mainly composed of M3C, • TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction precipitates in the late stage of solidification and does M7C3, and Cr3C2. not have enough time to grow to large size. Due to high C concentration and segregation, a large (3) TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction precipitates at the early solidification stage. After being amount of MCx precipitates on TiN surface. When TiN-MCx is large enough and engulfed by the engulfed by the solidification front, MCx grows at a lower rate on the surface of TiN. solidification front, the volume fraction of MCx is large enough to cover the TiN particle. TiN-MCxwith low TiN volume fraction precipitates in the late solidification stage and does not 5. Conhaveclusenoughions time to grow to large size. When the size of TiN-MCx is large enough and is engulfed by the solidification front, the volume fraction of MCx is large enough to cover TiN particle In this study, TiN-MCx precipitation mechanism in GCr15 bearing steels were analyzed by combining the experiments of non-aqueous electrolysis, FESEM observation with EDS and XRD analysis as well as with the theoretical analysis of thermodynamic and crystallographic analyses in Author Contributions: Methodology, G.W. and X.Y.; Project administration, Q.W.; Supervision, G.W. and S.S.; addition to CLSM observation for pushing and engulfment behavior of particles. The main conclusions can be drawn: Funding: This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51874170 and 51634004). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the authors.",
year = "2019",
month = jun,
doi = "10.3390/met9060641",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Metals",
issn = "2075-4701",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "6",
}