Comparing ammonium and phosphonium polymerized ionic liquids: Thermal analysis, conductivity, and morphology

Sean T. Hemp, Mingqiang Zhang, Michael H. Allen, Shijing Cheng, Robert B. Moore, Timothy E. Long

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

84 Scopus citations

Abstract

Conventional free radical polymerization and anion metathesis of ammonium and phosphonium styrenics successfully generates high-molecular-weight polymerized ionic liquids (PILs). Phosphonium polyelectrolytes containing Cl- counterions display significantly higher thermal stabilities (>370 °C) compared with ammonium analogs (<220 °C). Anion exchange to BF4-, TfO-, and Tf2N- improves the thermal stability of all the PILs and depresses their T g. Impedance-spectroscopy-probed ionic conductivities of PILs containing Tf2N-, and phosphonium PILs exhibit higher values than ammonium analogs. Phosphonium PILs displayed many advantages over ammonium PILs for emerging applications that demand higher thermal stabilities and ionic conductivities. A large library of ammonium- and phosphonium- containing polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) enables a thorough structure-property analysis. The alkyl substituent length and counterion directly impact the thermal properties, wherein longer alkyl substituent lengths and bulkier counterions depress the glass transition temperature. Ultimately, phosphonium PILs exhibit superior thermal properties and ionic conductivities compared with ammonium analogs.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2099-2107
Number of pages9
JournalMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics
Volume214
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2013
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • ammonium
  • ionic conductivity
  • phosphonium
  • polymerized ionic liquids

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Polymers and Plastics
  • Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

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