TY - JOUR
T1 - Co-creation, co-evolution and co-governance
T2 - understanding green businesses and urban transformations
AU - Ma, Yuge
AU - Thornton, Thomas F.
AU - Mangalagiu, Diana
AU - Lan, Jing
AU - Hestad, Dina
AU - Cappello, Elena Apostoli
AU - Van der Leeuw, Sander
N1 - Funding Information:
This research is part of the EU-funded H2020 project GREEN-WIN—Green Growth and Win-Win Strategies for Sustainable Climate Action (Grant Agreement No 642018; www.green-win-project.eu ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Green businesses based on economic, social and technological innovations are engines of green growth and climate change adaptation across the world. However, without proper interactive mechanisms with the city, green businesses are particularly vulnerable in today’s fast-changing socio-economic and political urban contexts. Existing research on climate change adaptation and low-carbon transitions have not explained the crucial components and mechanisms involved in realising sustainable transformations through green businesses in cities. Synthesizing the latest green innovation and urban transformation literature, the paper analyses four distinctive urban green business cases: free-floating bike sharing in Shanghai (Mobike), a renewable energy cooperative in Girona (Som Energia), urban agriculture in Venice and green building start-ups in Istanbul. Based on a comparative analysis, we theorize a 3-Co model to explain the city-green-business transformation process consisting of: first, co-creation of sustainable values between green business and the respective society; second, co-evolution between the business ecosystem and the city’s visions and policies; and third, co-governance of sustainable trade-offs during the business development and implementation process.
AB - Green businesses based on economic, social and technological innovations are engines of green growth and climate change adaptation across the world. However, without proper interactive mechanisms with the city, green businesses are particularly vulnerable in today’s fast-changing socio-economic and political urban contexts. Existing research on climate change adaptation and low-carbon transitions have not explained the crucial components and mechanisms involved in realising sustainable transformations through green businesses in cities. Synthesizing the latest green innovation and urban transformation literature, the paper analyses four distinctive urban green business cases: free-floating bike sharing in Shanghai (Mobike), a renewable energy cooperative in Girona (Som Energia), urban agriculture in Venice and green building start-ups in Istanbul. Based on a comparative analysis, we theorize a 3-Co model to explain the city-green-business transformation process consisting of: first, co-creation of sustainable values between green business and the respective society; second, co-evolution between the business ecosystem and the city’s visions and policies; and third, co-governance of sustainable trade-offs during the business development and implementation process.
KW - Cities
KW - Co-evolution
KW - Collaborative governance
KW - Green business
KW - Social innovation
KW - Urban transformations
KW - Value co-creation
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U2 - 10.1007/s10584-019-02541-3
DO - 10.1007/s10584-019-02541-3
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075807430
SN - 0165-0009
VL - 160
SP - 621
EP - 636
JO - Climatic Change
JF - Climatic Change
IS - 4
ER -