Causal modeling in communication research: Use, disuse, and misuse

The logic and procedures of causal modeling can help researchers avoid errors arising in more traditional analyses in a number of commonly occurring cases. A table of cases requiring causal modeling, or an equivalent technique, is presented. Nine years of published research in communication journals are reviewed to assess the adequacy of analysis in these situations. Standards for the conduct and reporting of causal modeling are also offered along with a review oj their use in published causal modeling. These reviews indicate a number oj areas demanding increased methodological rigor and sophistication in communication research.