Carbonate species as OH^- carriers for decreasing the pH gradient between cathode and anode in biological fuel cells

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Carbonates 100%
• Proton-Motive Force 92%
• hydroxide ion 79%
• Electrodes 60%
• Air 12%
• Hydroxides 9%
• Bioelectric Energy Sources 8%
• Bicarbonates 5%
• Protons 5%
• Carbon Monoxide 5%
• Acetates 4%
• Buffers 4%
• Nutrients 4%
• Acids 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• fuel cell 77%
• carbonate 46%
• air 28%
• substrate 23%
• bicarbonate 18%
• hydroxide 16%
• acetate 15%
• catalyst 15%
• effluent 12%
• nutrient 11%
• acid 10%
• cell 10%
• loss 9%
• rate 5%
• analysis 4%

Chemical Compounds

• Carbonate 54%
• Anode 50%
• Cathode 50%
• pH Value 29%
• Voltage 12%
• Nutrient 9%
• Hydroxide 7%
• Acetate 6%
• Proton 5%
• Buffer Solution 5%
• Mixture 3%
• Catalyst 3%
• Acid 3%