TY - JOUR
T1 - Bismuth film-coated gold ultramicroelectrode array for simultaneous quantification of pb(Ii) and cd(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry
AU - Bahinting, Sandra Enn D.
AU - Rollon, Analiza P.
AU - Garcia-Segura, Sergi
AU - Garcia, Vince Carlo C.
AU - Ensano, Benny Marie B.
AU - Abarca, Ralf Ruffel M.
AU - Yee, Jurng Jae
AU - de Luna, Mark Daniel G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: The authors would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines and the National Research Foundation (Korea) through Ministry of Education (No. 2016R1A6A1A03012812) for providing financial support for this research undertaking.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/3/1
Y1 - 2021/3/1
N2 - The widespread presence of heavy metals in drinking water sources arises as a major health concern, particularly in developing countries. The development of low-cost and reliable detection techniques is identified as a societal need to provide affordable water quality control. Herein, a bismuth film-coated gold ultramicroelectrode array (BF-UMEA) was used for the detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Experimental parameters such as deposition time, Bi(III) concentration, acetate buffer concentration, pH, square wave frequency, amplitude, and step potential were all varied to determine their effects on the current peak intensities of the target metal ions. Ten-fold excess in the concentration of interferences was found to cause a decrease in the stripping peak areas of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the following order of magnitude: benzene < NaCl < Ni(II) < Cu(II). Using Box–Behnken design, the optimum SWASV parameters that provided maximum current peak areas were 14.76 Hz (frequency), 50.10 mV (amplitude), and 8.76 mV (step potential). The limits of detection of the as-prepared BF-UMEA were 5 and 7 µg L−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. These results demonstrate the potential use of a BF-UMEA in SWASV for the trace quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples.
AB - The widespread presence of heavy metals in drinking water sources arises as a major health concern, particularly in developing countries. The development of low-cost and reliable detection techniques is identified as a societal need to provide affordable water quality control. Herein, a bismuth film-coated gold ultramicroelectrode array (BF-UMEA) was used for the detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Experimental parameters such as deposition time, Bi(III) concentration, acetate buffer concentration, pH, square wave frequency, amplitude, and step potential were all varied to determine their effects on the current peak intensities of the target metal ions. Ten-fold excess in the concentration of interferences was found to cause a decrease in the stripping peak areas of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the following order of magnitude: benzene < NaCl < Ni(II) < Cu(II). Using Box–Behnken design, the optimum SWASV parameters that provided maximum current peak areas were 14.76 Hz (frequency), 50.10 mV (amplitude), and 8.76 mV (step potential). The limits of detection of the as-prepared BF-UMEA were 5 and 7 µg L−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. These results demonstrate the potential use of a BF-UMEA in SWASV for the trace quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples.
KW - Anodic stripping voltammetry
KW - Bismuth film electrode
KW - Electroanalysis
KW - Environmental water analyses
KW - Heavy metal detection
KW - Ultramicroelectrode array
KW - Water quality
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U2 - 10.3390/s21051811
DO - 10.3390/s21051811
M3 - Article
C2 - 33807738
AN - SCOPUS:85102004437
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 21
SP - 1
EP - 19
JO - Sensors
JF - Sensors
IS - 5
M1 - 1811
ER -