Belief propagation for graph partitioning

We study the belief-propagation algorithm for the graph bi-partitioning problem, i.e. the ground state of the ferromagnetic Ising model at a fixed magnetization. Application of a message passing scheme to a model with a fixed global parameter is not banal and we show that the magnetization can in fact be fixed in a local way within the belief-propagation equations. Our method provides the full phase diagram of the bi-partitioning problem on random graphs, as well as an efficient heuristic solver that we anticipate to be useful in a wide range of application of the partitioning problem.