TY - GEN
T1 - Analyses of high grade strength steel bars in the design of a five-storey reinforced concrete structure with comparison of energy consumption and CO 2 emission
AU - Zhang, Pei
AU - Zhu, Han
AU - Apostolos, Fafitis
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in buildings is becoming an increasingly important issue. Steel is a major building material with high energy cost. In a reinforced concrete (RC) structure, it accounts for the maximum energy consumption. There is a need to quantify the steel amount in RC for various situations so that reduction or optimization in steel usage can be analyzed. In this paper two different calculations (Calculation-I and Calculation-II) are conducted by using two groups of steel in designing beams, columns and plates for a 20000 m 2 five-storeyed frame RC structure. In Calculation-I, or Cal-I in abbreviation, the steel used for beams, columns and plates is HRB335, HRB400 and HPB235 respectively. In Calculation-II, or Cal-II in abbreviation, the steel used for beams, columns and plates is HRB400, HRB500 and CRB550 respectively. The strength of steel used in Cal-II is higher than that in Cal-I. The calculation is carried out by following the standardized concrete structural design code, and the steps involved in calculation are given in certain details as seen necessary. The corresponding energy for producing the steel used in beams, columns and plates is also computed and normalized on per square meter basis. The results show that Cal-II saves 101.76 tons of steel than Cal-I, or 5.09kg/m 2, which means a saving of about 64.11 t of standard coal or 1.6×10 2 t CO 2 for the whole structure, or 3.2 kg of standard coal or 7.98kg CO 2 for per square meter.
AB - Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in buildings is becoming an increasingly important issue. Steel is a major building material with high energy cost. In a reinforced concrete (RC) structure, it accounts for the maximum energy consumption. There is a need to quantify the steel amount in RC for various situations so that reduction or optimization in steel usage can be analyzed. In this paper two different calculations (Calculation-I and Calculation-II) are conducted by using two groups of steel in designing beams, columns and plates for a 20000 m 2 five-storeyed frame RC structure. In Calculation-I, or Cal-I in abbreviation, the steel used for beams, columns and plates is HRB335, HRB400 and HPB235 respectively. In Calculation-II, or Cal-II in abbreviation, the steel used for beams, columns and plates is HRB400, HRB500 and CRB550 respectively. The strength of steel used in Cal-II is higher than that in Cal-I. The calculation is carried out by following the standardized concrete structural design code, and the steps involved in calculation are given in certain details as seen necessary. The corresponding energy for producing the steel used in beams, columns and plates is also computed and normalized on per square meter basis. The results show that Cal-II saves 101.76 tons of steel than Cal-I, or 5.09kg/m 2, which means a saving of about 64.11 t of standard coal or 1.6×10 2 t CO 2 for the whole structure, or 3.2 kg of standard coal or 7.98kg CO 2 for per square meter.
KW - Beam
KW - CO emissions
KW - Column
KW - Energy consumption
KW - Plate
KW - Reinforced concrete structure
KW - Steel
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84860793282&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.511.64
DO - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.511.64
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84860793282
SN - 9783037854129
T3 - Advanced Materials Research
SP - 64
EP - 69
BT - Advanced Research on Architectonics and Materials
T2 - 2012 2nd International conference on Automation, Communication, Architectonics and Materials, ACAM 2012
Y2 - 23 June 2012 through 24 June 2012
ER -