An archaeological strontium isoscape for the prehistoric andes: Understanding population mobility through a geostatistical meta-analysis of archaeological ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values from humans, animals, and artifacts

Biogeographical studies of migration and mobility in archaeology and bioarchaeology rely on accurately characterizing local ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranges, either through baseline studies or by statistically parsing archaeological results at a given site. However, when baseline materials are difficult to obtain or suspected to deviate from prehistoric isotopic catchments, archaeological data may provide an accurate characterization of local ranges. Through a spatial meta-analysis of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values from archaeological human, faunal, and artifact samples (n = 1658) from 45 publications, this study aims to quantify and compare variation in bioavailable strontium and create the first predictive isotope model (or isoscape) for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values in the prehistoric Andes. Descriptive statistics, including the coefficient of variation, are compared between sites from different temporal categories, and between coastal, yungas, and highland sites. Regional differences in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of male and female biological sex categories are compared for human enamel and bone samples, and between sequentially-forming enamel and bone samples. The study finds that the archaeological dataset trimmed of outliers provides a reliable model of local ranges. However, we caution that when migration and trade networks being investigated are within homogeneous isoscape regions, or between contiguous neighbors, multiple isotopic signatures should be incorporated into provenience estimations.