TY - JOUR
T1 - Airborne lidar and electro-optical imagery along surface ruptures of the 2019 ridgecrest earthquake sequence, southern california
AU - Hudnut, Kenneth W.
AU - Brooks, Benjamin A.
AU - Scharer, Katherine
AU - Hernandez, Janis L.
AU - Dawson, Timothy E.
AU - Oskin, Michael E.
AU - Arrowsmith, J. Ramon
AU - Goulet, Christine A.
AU - Blake, Kelly
AU - Boggs, Matthew L.
AU - Bork, Stephan
AU - Glennie, Craig L.
AU - Fernandez-Diaz, Juan Carlos
AU - Singhania, Abhinav
AU - Hauser, Darren
AU - Sorhus, Sven
N1 - Funding Information:
The coauthors thank the U.S. Geological Survey and National Science Foundation (NSF) for providing the funding to National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) for this project and the authors especially also thank our pilots Robert Chalender and Greg McDonald and the aircraft vendor. Misty Ellingson and Andria Bullock, with support of Ole Hendon of Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) provided them with airspace access within the NAWSCL. The authors also benefitted greatly from the generosity of the Inyokern airport manager, Scott Seymour, and his staff who helped to locate parts and facilitate repair of the aircraft in their hangar. Mayor Peggy Breeden and Chief of Police Jed McLaughlin of the City of Ridgecrest opened their arms to our whole team while the authors worked in their city. Margo Allen, Helen Haase, Jeff Mayberry, Rob Gallagher, and Renee Hatcher, the team of Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake and NAWCWD Public Affairs Officers, tirelessly provided operational security review support to our whole team, as did the entire unexploded ordnance team. LT Angela Roush, U.S. Navy, and the R-2508 Joshua airspace controllers are also greatly thanked, as are California Highway Patrol and National Guard for helicopter support for the field work that allowed our flight line planning. The effective reconnaissance and geodata response resulted from several years of conference calls, e-mails, meetings, exercises, and planning. It took advanced planning, strategic thought, and coordination with other agencies. The important coordination role of the California Air Coordination Group, led by Derek Kantar of Caltrans, and of the California Earthquake Clearinghouse, co-led by Anne Rosinski and recently by Cindy Pridmore who co-led it, along with Heidi Tremayne, Maggie Ortiz-Millan, and others from Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence, and of its Overflight committee in particular, cannot be overstated. In addition, U.S. Department of the Interior’s Office of Aircraft Services had established memoranda of understanding so that U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel were able to safely conduct multiple aerial reconnaissance and geodata missions. Thanks to the NCALM processing team and the OpenTopography team for making these data available rapidly. Many thanks to the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) headquarters who helped support the Rapid Response
Funding Information:
Research (RAPID) award from the U.S. NSF. OpenTopography is supported by the U.S. NSF under Award Numbers 1833703, 1833643, and 1833632. Important Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data from stations CCCC, P594, and P595 were provided by the Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of GEoscience (GAGE), operated by UNAVCO, Inc., with support from the NSF and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1724794. The authors also thank the reviewers of this article, Andrew Meigs, James Hollingsworth, Beth Haddon, and Dan Opstal for improving the article.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Seismological Society of America.
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Surface rupture from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, initially associated with the Mw 6.4 foreshock, occurred on 4 July on a ∼17 km long, northeast-southwest- oriented, left-lateral zone of faulting. Following the Mw 7.1 mainshock on 5 July (local time), extensive northwest-southeast-oriented, right-lateral faulting was then also mapped along a ∼50 km long zone of faults, including subparallel splays in several areas. The largest slip was observed in the epicentral area and crossing the dry lakebed of China Lake to the southeast. Surface fault rupture mapping by a large team, reported elsewhere, was used to guide the airborne data acquisition reported here. Rapid rupturemapping allowed for accurate and efficient flight line planning for the high-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) and aerial photography. Flight line planning trade-offs were considered to allocate the medium (25 pulses per square meter [ppsm]) and high-resolution (80 ppsm) lidar data collection polygons. The National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping acquired the airborne imagery with a Titan multispectral lidar system and Digital Modular Aerial Camera (DiMAC) aerial digital camera, and U.S. Geological Survey acquired Global Positioning System ground control data. This effort required extensive coordination with the Navy as much of the airborne data acquisition occurred within their restricted airspace at the China Lake ranges.
AB - Surface rupture from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, initially associated with the Mw 6.4 foreshock, occurred on 4 July on a ∼17 km long, northeast-southwest- oriented, left-lateral zone of faulting. Following the Mw 7.1 mainshock on 5 July (local time), extensive northwest-southeast-oriented, right-lateral faulting was then also mapped along a ∼50 km long zone of faults, including subparallel splays in several areas. The largest slip was observed in the epicentral area and crossing the dry lakebed of China Lake to the southeast. Surface fault rupture mapping by a large team, reported elsewhere, was used to guide the airborne data acquisition reported here. Rapid rupturemapping allowed for accurate and efficient flight line planning for the high-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) and aerial photography. Flight line planning trade-offs were considered to allocate the medium (25 pulses per square meter [ppsm]) and high-resolution (80 ppsm) lidar data collection polygons. The National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping acquired the airborne imagery with a Titan multispectral lidar system and Digital Modular Aerial Camera (DiMAC) aerial digital camera, and U.S. Geological Survey acquired Global Positioning System ground control data. This effort required extensive coordination with the Navy as much of the airborne data acquisition occurred within their restricted airspace at the China Lake ranges.
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U2 - 10.1785/0220190338
DO - 10.1785/0220190338
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089404565
VL - 91
SP - 2096
EP - 2107
JO - Earthquake Notes - Seismological Society of America, Eastern Section,
JF - Earthquake Notes - Seismological Society of America, Eastern Section,
SN - 0012-8287
IS - 4
ER -