TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in ceramic radiography and analysis
T2 - Laboratory methods
AU - Carr, Christopher
AU - Riddick, Earle B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We wish to thank the Ohio Historical Center (Columbus) for providing the Woodland ceramics upon which the reported research is based and ample laboratory space and facilities. Battelle Research laboratories (Columbus, OH) and Washington Regional Medical Center (Fayetteville, AR) graciously allowed us to use their X-ray facilities. Roger Hyatt of Battelle sponsored our research programme with them and was a source of many stimulating ideas. Tom Gruber and Floyd Brown of Battelle served as radiographiF technicians and helped to guide our development of radiographic procedures. William V. Bowles of Kodak Research Laboratories (Rochester, NY) made a number of radiographs which were helpful in our work on film selection. Martha Otto and Brad Baker of the Ohio Historical Center and many other Ohio archaeologists supported this work in in-numberable ways over the past.6 years. David Braun gave us many helpful ideas for developing the radiographic, procedures described here and provided very useful comments on a first draft of this manuscript. We appreciate the funds that were provided by the National Science Foundation (BSN-8604544) Battelle Columbus Laboratories, the Ohio Historical Center, the Arizona State University Faculty Grant-In-Aid Program (420644), the ASU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 1987 and 1988 Summer Research Award Programs, the Department of Anthropology at ASU, and the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville.
PY - 1990/1
Y1 - 1990/1
N2 - The major variants of industrial and medical radiographic procedures are reviewed and evaluated for their usefulness in ceramic archaeological studies, with attention to documenting temper characteristics and paste-to-paste joins. Essential concepts and relationships between technique and image quality are summarized. Means for optimizing image sharpness, distortion, and contrast are outlined, including selection of focal spot size, focal spot to film distance, object to film distance, film type, object orientation, kilovoltage, milliamperage, tube source, window, filtration, film cassette material, and diaphragms, and the differing integration of these in medical versus industrial laboratory settings. Low radiographic contrast between temper and paste or paste-to-paste joins can be overcome by using industrial, slow, high-detail, high-contrast films or certain mammography films without intensifying screens, along with a low kilovoltage. The relative advantages of xeroradiography and X-radiography are evaluated. Charts for estimating proper X-radiographic exposure for sherds of differing thickness and temper density and other suggestions for operation and efficiency are given.
AB - The major variants of industrial and medical radiographic procedures are reviewed and evaluated for their usefulness in ceramic archaeological studies, with attention to documenting temper characteristics and paste-to-paste joins. Essential concepts and relationships between technique and image quality are summarized. Means for optimizing image sharpness, distortion, and contrast are outlined, including selection of focal spot size, focal spot to film distance, object to film distance, film type, object orientation, kilovoltage, milliamperage, tube source, window, filtration, film cassette material, and diaphragms, and the differing integration of these in medical versus industrial laboratory settings. Low radiographic contrast between temper and paste or paste-to-paste joins can be overcome by using industrial, slow, high-detail, high-contrast films or certain mammography films without intensifying screens, along with a low kilovoltage. The relative advantages of xeroradiography and X-radiography are evaluated. Charts for estimating proper X-radiographic exposure for sherds of differing thickness and temper density and other suggestions for operation and efficiency are given.
KW - Ceramic Technology
KW - Ceramic Temper
KW - Ohio Woodland Period
KW - X-radiography
KW - Xeroradiography
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0042965568&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0042965568&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/0305-4403(90)90014-V
DO - 10.1016/0305-4403(90)90014-V
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0042965568
SN - 0305-4403
VL - 17
SP - 35
EP - 66
JO - Journal of Archaeological Science
JF - Journal of Archaeological Science
IS - 1
ER -