Absolute pulse energy measurements of soft x-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source

K. Tiedtke, A. A. Sorokin, U. Jastrow, P. Juraniæ, S. Kreis, N. Gerken, M. Richter, U. Arp, Y. Feng, D. Nordlund, R. Soufli, M. Fernández-Perea, L. Juha, P. Heimann, B. Nagler, H. J. Lee, S. Mack, M. Cammarata, O. Krupin, M. MesserschmidtM. Holmes, M. Rowen, W. Schlotter, S. Moeller, J. J. Turner

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

59 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper reports novel measurements of x-ray optical radiation on an absolute scale from the intense and ultra-short radiation generated in the soft x-ray regime of a free electron laser. We give a brief description of the detection principle for radiation measurements which was specifically adapted for this photon energy range. We present data characterizing the soft x-ray instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) with respect to the radiant power output and transmission by using an absolute detector temporarily placed at the downstream end of the instrument. This provides an estimation of the reflectivity of all x-ray optical elements in the beamline and provides the absolute photon number per bandwidth per pulse. This parameter is important for many experiments that need to understand the trade-offs between high energy resolution and high flux, such as experiments focused on studying materials via resonant processes. Furthermore, the results are compared with the LCLS diagnostic gas detectors to test the limits of linearity, and observations are reported on radiation contamination from spontaneous undulator radiation and higher harmonic content.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)21214-21226
Number of pages13
JournalOptics Express
Volume22
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 8 2014
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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