A survival cost to mating in a polyandrous butterfly, Colias eurytheme

Agriculture & Biology

• Colias eurytheme 100%
• butterflies 56%
• virgin females 13%
• gender 10%
• fecundity 9%
• eggs 6%
• coevolution 6%
• fruit flies 5%
• reproductive performance 4%
• fertilization (reproduction) 4%
• adverse effects 4%
• survival rate 4%
• life history 4%
• nutrients 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• butterfly 65%
• cost 28%
• fecundity 12%
• fitness 10%
• egg 10%
• nutrient use 9%
• coevolution 6%
• survivorship 6%
• life history trait 6%
• side effect 6%
• trade-off 5%
• fruit 5%
• effect 1%