TY - JOUR
T1 - A Physical Activity Just-in-time Adaptive Intervention Designed in Partnership With a Predominantly Black Community
T2 - Virtual, Community-Based Participatory Design Approach
AU - Robles, Maria Cielito
AU - Newman, Mark W.
AU - Doshi, Aalap
AU - Bailey, Sarah
AU - Huang, Linde
AU - Choi, Soo Ji
AU - Kurien, Chris
AU - Merid, Beza
AU - Cowdery, Joan
AU - Golbus, Jessica R.
AU - Huang, Christopher
AU - Dorsch, Michael P.
AU - Nallamothu, Brahmajee
AU - Skolarus, Lesli E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is funded by a grant from the American Heart Association (SFRN35370008, Wearables In Reducing risk and Enhancing Daily Lifestyle [WIRED-L]).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 JMIR Publications Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Background: Black people are disproportionally impacted by hypertension. New approaches for encouraging healthy lifestyles are needed to reduce hypertension and promote health equity in Black communities. Objective: In this report, we describe the early-stage, virtual design of a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to increase physical activity in partnership with members of a low-income, predominantly Black community. Methods: The hallmark of JITAIs is highly contextualized mobile app push notifications. Thus, understanding participants' context and determinants of physical activity are critical. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted virtual discovery interviews and analysis guided by the Behavior Change Wheel (which focuses on participants' capacity, opportunity, and motivation to engage in physical activity), as well as empathy mapping. We then formed a community-academic participatory design team that partnered in the design sprint, storyboarding, and paper prototyping. Results: For this study, 5 community members participated in the discovery interviews, 12 stakeholders participated in the empathy mapping, 3 community members represented the community on the design team, and 10 community members provided storyboard or paper prototyping feedback. Only one community member had used videoconferencing prior to partnering with the academic team, and none had design experience. A set of 5 community-academic partner design principles were created: (1) keep users front and center, (2) tailor to the individual, (3) draw on existing motivation, (4) make physical activity feel approachable, and (5) make data collection transparent yet unobtrusive. To address community-specific barriers, the community-academic design team decided that mobile app push notifications will be tailored to participants' baseline mobility level and community resources (eg, local parks and events). Push notifications will also be tailored based on the day (weekday versus weekend), time of day, and weather. Motivation will be enhanced via adaptive goal setting with supportive feedback and social support via community-generated notifications. Conclusions: We completed early-stage virtual design of a JITAI in partnership with community participants and a community design team with limited design and videoconferencing experience. We found that designing JITAIs with the community enables these interventions to address community-specific needs, which may lead to a more meaningful impact on users' health.
AB - Background: Black people are disproportionally impacted by hypertension. New approaches for encouraging healthy lifestyles are needed to reduce hypertension and promote health equity in Black communities. Objective: In this report, we describe the early-stage, virtual design of a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to increase physical activity in partnership with members of a low-income, predominantly Black community. Methods: The hallmark of JITAIs is highly contextualized mobile app push notifications. Thus, understanding participants' context and determinants of physical activity are critical. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted virtual discovery interviews and analysis guided by the Behavior Change Wheel (which focuses on participants' capacity, opportunity, and motivation to engage in physical activity), as well as empathy mapping. We then formed a community-academic participatory design team that partnered in the design sprint, storyboarding, and paper prototyping. Results: For this study, 5 community members participated in the discovery interviews, 12 stakeholders participated in the empathy mapping, 3 community members represented the community on the design team, and 10 community members provided storyboard or paper prototyping feedback. Only one community member had used videoconferencing prior to partnering with the academic team, and none had design experience. A set of 5 community-academic partner design principles were created: (1) keep users front and center, (2) tailor to the individual, (3) draw on existing motivation, (4) make physical activity feel approachable, and (5) make data collection transparent yet unobtrusive. To address community-specific barriers, the community-academic design team decided that mobile app push notifications will be tailored to participants' baseline mobility level and community resources (eg, local parks and events). Push notifications will also be tailored based on the day (weekday versus weekend), time of day, and weather. Motivation will be enhanced via adaptive goal setting with supportive feedback and social support via community-generated notifications. Conclusions: We completed early-stage virtual design of a JITAI in partnership with community participants and a community design team with limited design and videoconferencing experience. We found that designing JITAIs with the community enables these interventions to address community-specific needs, which may lead to a more meaningful impact on users' health.
KW - blood pressure
KW - community participatory design
KW - design
KW - health equity
KW - healthy lifestyle
KW - hypertension
KW - just-in-time adaptive intervention
KW - physical activity
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85128145208&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2196/33087
DO - 10.2196/33087
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85128145208
SN - 2561-326X
VL - 6
JO - JMIR Formative Research
JF - JMIR Formative Research
IS - 3
M1 - e33087
ER -