A landslide in tertiary marine shale with superheated fumaroles, coast ranges, California

Robert H. Mariner; Scott A. Minor; Allen P. King; James R. Boles; Karl S. Kellogg; William C. Evans; Gary A. Landis; Andrew G. Hunt; Christy B. Till

doi:10.1130/G25285A.1

A landslide in tertiary marine shale with superheated fumaroles, coast ranges, California

Robert H. Mariner, Scott A. Minor, Allen P. King, James R. Boles, Karl S. Kellogg, William C. Evans, Gary A. Landis, Andrew G. Hunt, Christy B. Till

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

In August 2004, a National Forest fire crew extinguished a 1.2 ha fire in a wilderness area ∼40 km northeast of Santa Barbara, California. Examination revealed that the fire originated on a landslide dotted with superheated fumaroles. A 4 m borehole punched near the hottest (262 °C) fumarole had a maximum temperature of 307 °C. Temperatures in this borehole have been decreasing by ∼0.1 °C/d, although the cooling rate is higher when the slide is dry. Gas from the fumaroles and boreholes is mostly air with 3-8 vol% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and propane. The carbon dioxide is ¹⁴C-dead. The ratios of methane to ethane plus propane [C₁/(C₂ + C₃)] range from 3.6 to 14. Carbon isotope values for the CO₂ range from -14‰ to -23%‰ δ¹³C. 3He/⁴He values range from 0.96 to 0.97 times that of air. The anomalous heat is interpreted to be due to rapid oxidation of iron sulfide augmented by combustion of carbonaceous matter within the formation.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	959-962
Number of pages	4
Journal	Geology
Volume	36
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1130/G25285A.1
State	Published - Dec 1 2008
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geology

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title = "A landslide in tertiary marine shale with superheated fumaroles, coast ranges, California",

abstract = "In August 2004, a National Forest fire crew extinguished a 1.2 ha fire in a wilderness area ∼40 km northeast of Santa Barbara, California. Examination revealed that the fire originated on a landslide dotted with superheated fumaroles. A 4 m borehole punched near the hottest (262 °C) fumarole had a maximum temperature of 307 °C. Temperatures in this borehole have been decreasing by ∼0.1 °C/d, although the cooling rate is higher when the slide is dry. Gas from the fumaroles and boreholes is mostly air with 3-8 vol% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and propane. The carbon dioxide is 14C-dead. The ratios of methane to ethane plus propane [C1/(C2 + C3)] range from 3.6 to 14. Carbon isotope values for the CO2 range from -14‰ to -23%‰ δ13C. 3He/4He values range from 0.96 to 0.97 times that of air. The anomalous heat is interpreted to be due to rapid oxidation of iron sulfide augmented by combustion of carbonaceous matter within the formation.",

author = "Mariner, {Robert H.} and Minor, {Scott A.} and King, {Allen P.} and Boles, {James R.} and Kellogg, {Karl S.} and Evans, {William C.} and Landis, {Gary A.} and Hunt, {Andrew G.} and Till, {Christy B.}",

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AU - Mariner, Robert H.

AU - Minor, Scott A.

AU - King, Allen P.

AU - Boles, James R.

AU - Kellogg, Karl S.

AU - Evans, William C.

AU - Landis, Gary A.

AU - Hunt, Andrew G.

AU - Till, Christy B.

PY - 2008/12/1

Y1 - 2008/12/1

N2 - In August 2004, a National Forest fire crew extinguished a 1.2 ha fire in a wilderness area ∼40 km northeast of Santa Barbara, California. Examination revealed that the fire originated on a landslide dotted with superheated fumaroles. A 4 m borehole punched near the hottest (262 °C) fumarole had a maximum temperature of 307 °C. Temperatures in this borehole have been decreasing by ∼0.1 °C/d, although the cooling rate is higher when the slide is dry. Gas from the fumaroles and boreholes is mostly air with 3-8 vol% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and propane. The carbon dioxide is 14C-dead. The ratios of methane to ethane plus propane [C1/(C2 + C3)] range from 3.6 to 14. Carbon isotope values for the CO2 range from -14‰ to -23%‰ δ13C. 3He/4He values range from 0.96 to 0.97 times that of air. The anomalous heat is interpreted to be due to rapid oxidation of iron sulfide augmented by combustion of carbonaceous matter within the formation.

AB - In August 2004, a National Forest fire crew extinguished a 1.2 ha fire in a wilderness area ∼40 km northeast of Santa Barbara, California. Examination revealed that the fire originated on a landslide dotted with superheated fumaroles. A 4 m borehole punched near the hottest (262 °C) fumarole had a maximum temperature of 307 °C. Temperatures in this borehole have been decreasing by ∼0.1 °C/d, although the cooling rate is higher when the slide is dry. Gas from the fumaroles and boreholes is mostly air with 3-8 vol% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and propane. The carbon dioxide is 14C-dead. The ratios of methane to ethane plus propane [C1/(C2 + C3)] range from 3.6 to 14. Carbon isotope values for the CO2 range from -14‰ to -23%‰ δ13C. 3He/4He values range from 0.96 to 0.97 times that of air. The anomalous heat is interpreted to be due to rapid oxidation of iron sulfide augmented by combustion of carbonaceous matter within the formation.

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A landslide in tertiary marine shale with superheated fumaroles, coast ranges, California

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