TY - JOUR
T1 - A High-Voltage-Compliant Current-to-Digital Sensor for DC-DC Converters in Standard CMOS Technology
AU - Martí-Arbona, Edgar
AU - Mandal, Debashis
AU - Bakkaloglu, Bertan
AU - Kiaei, Sayfe
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the QESST Engineering Research Center of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy under NSF Cooperative Agreement EEC- 1041895 and the NSF Connection One IUCRC Center under Grant 1238343. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor Ke-Horng Chen%.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 IEEE.
PY - 2017/3
Y1 - 2017/3
N2 - Efficient current, voltage, and power sensing are critical blocks for power management, switching regulators, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, and motor control. This paper presents a standard CMOS and low-power current-to-digital converter (IDC) that senses the current flowing at high-voltage nodes. The proposed sensor uses a CMOS-switched capacitor circuit to sense a dc-dc converter output current and gives digital output without an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), or the need for high-voltage technologies. Compared to the resistor-based current-sensing methods that require current-to-voltage circuit, gain block, and an ADC converter, the proposed sensor is a low-power integrated circuit that achieves high resolution, lower complexity, and lower power consumption. The IDC circuit is fabricated on a 5 V, 0.7 μm, and three metal CMOS technology and occupied less than 10% area (1 mm2 area) compared to other sensors. It consumes 18 mW that is less than 40% power consumed by other sensors, and its current measurement error is below 0.4%. The proposed IDC circuit has been characterized as standalone and with a boost dc-dc regulator and MPPT for photovoltaic systems.
AB - Efficient current, voltage, and power sensing are critical blocks for power management, switching regulators, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, and motor control. This paper presents a standard CMOS and low-power current-to-digital converter (IDC) that senses the current flowing at high-voltage nodes. The proposed sensor uses a CMOS-switched capacitor circuit to sense a dc-dc converter output current and gives digital output without an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), or the need for high-voltage technologies. Compared to the resistor-based current-sensing methods that require current-to-voltage circuit, gain block, and an ADC converter, the proposed sensor is a low-power integrated circuit that achieves high resolution, lower complexity, and lower power consumption. The IDC circuit is fabricated on a 5 V, 0.7 μm, and three metal CMOS technology and occupied less than 10% area (1 mm2 area) compared to other sensors. It consumes 18 mW that is less than 40% power consumed by other sensors, and its current measurement error is below 0.4%. The proposed IDC circuit has been characterized as standalone and with a boost dc-dc regulator and MPPT for photovoltaic systems.
KW - Current sensor
KW - data converter
KW - dc-dc converter
KW - maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
KW - photovoltaic (PV)
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U2 - 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2562108
DO - 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2562108
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85006969291
SN - 0885-8993
VL - 32
SP - 2180
EP - 2188
JO - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
IS - 3
M1 - 7464308
ER -