TY - JOUR
T1 - A deep search with the hubble space telescope for late-time supernova signatures in the hosts of XRF 011030 and XRF 020427
AU - Levan, Andrew
AU - Patel, Sandeep
AU - Kouveliotou, Chryssa
AU - Fruchter, Andrew
AU - Rhoads, James
AU - Rol, Evert
AU - Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
AU - Gorosabel, Javier
AU - Hjorth, Jens
AU - Wijers, Ralph
AU - Wood-Vasey, W. Michael
AU - Bersier, David
AU - Castro-Tirado, Alberto
AU - Fynbo, Johan
AU - Jensen, Brian
AU - Pian, Elena
AU - Tanvir, Nial
AU - Thorsett, Stephen
AU - Woosley, Stan
PY - 2005/4/1
Y1 - 2005/4/1
N2 - X-ray flashes (XRFs) are, like gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), thought to signal the collapse of massive stars in distant galaxies. Many models posit that the isotropic equivalent energies of XRFs are lower than those for GRBs, such that they are visible from a reduced range of distances when compared with GRBs. Here we present the results of two-epoch Hubble Space Telescope imaging of two XRFs. These images, taken approximately 45 and 200 days postburst, reveal no evidence of an associated supernova in either case. Supernovae such as SN1998bw would have been visible out to z ∼ 1.5 in each case, while fainter supernovae such as SN 2002ap would have been visible to z ∼ 1. If the XRFs lie at such large distances, their energies would not fit the observed correlation between the GRB peak energy and isotropic energy release (Ep ∝ E iso1/2 in which soft bursts are less energetic. We conclude that, should these XRFs reside at low redshifts (z < 0.6), either their line of sight is heavily extinguished, they are associated with extremely faint supernovae, or, unlike GRBs, these XRFs do not have temporally coincident supernovae.
AB - X-ray flashes (XRFs) are, like gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), thought to signal the collapse of massive stars in distant galaxies. Many models posit that the isotropic equivalent energies of XRFs are lower than those for GRBs, such that they are visible from a reduced range of distances when compared with GRBs. Here we present the results of two-epoch Hubble Space Telescope imaging of two XRFs. These images, taken approximately 45 and 200 days postburst, reveal no evidence of an associated supernova in either case. Supernovae such as SN1998bw would have been visible out to z ∼ 1.5 in each case, while fainter supernovae such as SN 2002ap would have been visible to z ∼ 1. If the XRFs lie at such large distances, their energies would not fit the observed correlation between the GRB peak energy and isotropic energy release (Ep ∝ E iso1/2 in which soft bursts are less energetic. We conclude that, should these XRFs reside at low redshifts (z < 0.6), either their line of sight is heavily extinguished, they are associated with extremely faint supernovae, or, unlike GRBs, these XRFs do not have temporally coincident supernovae.
KW - Gamma rays: bursts
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U2 - 10.1086/426938
DO - 10.1086/426938
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:19844379211
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 622
SP - 977
EP - 985
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2 I
ER -