A deep search with the hubble space telescope for late-time supernova signatures in the hosts of XRF 011030 and XRF 020427

Andrew Levan, Sandeep Patel, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Andrew Fruchter, James Rhoads, Evert Rol, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, Javier Gorosabel, Jens Hjorth, Ralph Wijers, W. Michael Wood-Vasey, David Bersier, Alberto Castro-Tirado, Johan Fynbo, Brian Jensen, Elena Pian, Nial Tanvir, Stephen Thorsett, Stan Woosley

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

X-ray flashes (XRFs) are, like gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), thought to signal the collapse of massive stars in distant galaxies. Many models posit that the isotropic equivalent energies of XRFs are lower than those for GRBs, such that they are visible from a reduced range of distances when compared with GRBs. Here we present the results of two-epoch Hubble Space Telescope imaging of two XRFs. These images, taken approximately 45 and 200 days postburst, reveal no evidence of an associated supernova in either case. Supernovae such as SN1998bw would have been visible out to z ∼ 1.5 in each case, while fainter supernovae such as SN 2002ap would have been visible to z ∼ 1. If the XRFs lie at such large distances, their energies would not fit the observed correlation between the GRB peak energy and isotropic energy release (Ep ∝ E iso1/2 in which soft bursts are less energetic. We conclude that, should these XRFs reside at low redshifts (z < 0.6), either their line of sight is heavily extinguished, they are associated with extremely faint supernovae, or, unlike GRBs, these XRFs do not have temporally coincident supernovae.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)977-985
Number of pages9
JournalAstrophysical Journal
Volume622
Issue number2 I
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 1 2005
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Gamma rays: bursts

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space and Planetary Science

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