A comparison and classification of grading approaches used in engineering education

A. R. Carberry, S. A. Atwood, M. T. Siniawski, H. A. Diefes-Dux

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Grades are intended to communicate achievement associated with a learning experience. Engineering educators in higher education often default to a particular grading approach without considering how the approach impacts student achievement. This work proposes a model for comparing and classifying commonly used grading systems in engineering higher education. Examples from the engineering education literature revealed five general categories of grading: 1) normative, score-based grading, 2) summative grading, 3) standards-based grading, 4) mastery-based grading, and 5) adaptive grading. (Note: variations in naming conventions were observed.) Each grading system was examined to determine key characteristics of the system and how student performance was ultimately assessed. A continuum of grading approaches was created after discovering that each system ranged in its intention to select and/or develop talent. The most widely adopted approaches to grading in engineering higher education, norm-based grading, were classified using purely selective processes (e.g., letter grades). Alternative, learning outcomes-based grading approaches differentiate themselves by the level in which they attempt to develop talent. This was determined by examining differences in how the grading system impacted sequencing of content, course pace, number of attempts to demonstrate achievement, scale and weight of performance, feedback provided, and basis for a final grade. The resulting continuum provides a tool for engineering educators to compare and discuss grading approaches in order to select an appropriate system for their course or program. Informed decisions on grading can have a critical impact in student retention and program improvement.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationSEFI 47th Annual Conference
Subtitle of host publicationVarietas Delectat... Complexity is the New Normality, Proceedings
EditorsBalazs Vince Nagy, Mike Murphy, Hannu-Matti Jarvinen, Aniko Kalman
PublisherEuropean Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)
Pages216-225
Number of pages10
ISBN (Electronic)9782873520182
StatePublished - 2020
Event47th SEFI Annual Conference 2019 - Varietas Delectat: Complexity is the New Normality - Budapest, Hungary
Duration: Sep 16 2019Sep 19 2019

Publication series

NameSEFI 47th Annual Conference: Varietas Delectat... Complexity is the New Normality, Proceedings

Conference

Conference47th SEFI Annual Conference 2019 - Varietas Delectat: Complexity is the New Normality
Country/TerritoryHungary
CityBudapest
Period9/16/199/19/19

Keywords

  • Assessment
  • Engineering higher education
  • Grading systems

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Engineering
  • Education

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