Abstract
Several wireless biomedical transceivers, including medical implants communication systems (MICSs), require ultra-low-power low-complexity frequency synthesizers. This paper presents an all-digital frequency-locked loop (ADFLL)-based frequency synthesizer with a built-in frequency-shift keying modulator for MICS and industrialscientificmedical band applications. Unlike all-digital phase-locked loops that rely on a power-hungry time to digital converter, the proposed ADFLL employs a high-resolution single-bit Σ Δ frequency discriminator in the feedback path and a noise-cancelling Σ Δ phase-accumulator-based frequency controller in the reference path, achieving fractional resolution with low power consumption. The loop compensation is implemented digitally using an infinite impulse response filter followed by a digital-intensive current-steering DAC driving a ring-oscillator-based voltage-controlled oscillator. The ADFLL achieves 9.5-Hz frequency resolution, spanning the ISM 400410-MHz band. A worst case near-integer spur of -62 dBc and a phase noise of -83 dBc/Hz at 300-kHz offset are measured. The ADFLL is fabricated on a 0.18-μm CMOS process, occupying a 0.14-mm2 die area, with a quiescent current consumption of 700 μ A.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 5737781 |
Pages (from-to) | 1319-1326 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques |
Volume | 59 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2011 |
Keywords
- All-digital frequency-locked loops (ADFLLs)
- frequency-locked loops (FLLs)
- Σ Δ phase-locked loops (PLLs)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiation
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering