Engineering & Materials Science
Solar cells
100%
Heterojunctions
77%
Substrates
76%
Silicon
73%
Molecular beam epitaxy
59%
Temperature
47%
Electrons
46%
Photoluminescence
46%
Nanowires
45%
Energy gap
44%
Thin films
38%
Doping (additives)
35%
Semiconductor quantum wells
35%
Semiconductor materials
34%
Indium
31%
Wavelength
30%
Thin film transistors
29%
Quantum efficiency
29%
Amorphous silicon
28%
High electron mobility transistors
28%
Oxides
27%
Metals
27%
Optical properties
26%
Metallizing
26%
Phonons
25%
Multi-junction solar cells
24%
Defects
23%
Annealing
22%
Electrodes
22%
Silver
22%
Transmission electron microscopy
22%
Passivation
21%
Fabrication
21%
Crystalline materials
21%
Ions
20%
Antennas
20%
Electric potential
20%
Chemical analysis
19%
Degradation
19%
Chalcogenides
18%
Electron holography
18%
Transistors
18%
Lasers
18%
Epitaxial growth
18%
Infrared radiation
17%
Carrier lifetime
17%
Scattering
17%
Data storage equipment
16%
Simulators
16%
X rays
16%
Polarization
15%
Superlattices
15%
Organic light emitting diodes (OLED)
15%
Electric properties
15%
Zinc oxide
15%
Flexible displays
15%
Radiation
15%
Heating
14%
Diffraction
14%
Threshold voltage
14%
Acoustic impedance
14%
Open circuit voltage
14%
Nitrides
13%
Plasmas
13%
Imaging techniques
13%
Perovskite
13%
Porphyrins
13%
Photodetectors
13%
Molecules
13%
Excitons
13%
Tin oxides
13%
Glass
13%
Solid electrolytes
13%
Plasmonics
12%
Proteins
12%
Diodes
12%
Oxide films
12%
Carrier concentration
12%
Diamonds
12%
Hot Temperature
12%
Current density
12%
Characterization (materials science)
12%
Sapphire
11%
Nanostructures
11%
Networks (circuits)
11%
Electric fields
11%
Carrier transport
11%
Epitaxial films
11%
Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy
11%
Microwaves
11%
Structural properties
11%
Optoelectronic devices
11%
Silicon solar cells
10%
X ray diffraction
10%
Conversion efficiency
10%
Chemical vapor deposition
10%
Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition
10%
MESFET devices
10%
Microbial fuel cells
10%
High resolution electron microscopy
10%
Chemical Compounds
Solar Cell
57%
Molecular Beam Epitaxy
44%
Liquid Film
38%
Simulation
34%
Voltage
34%
Semiconductor
32%
Nanowire
25%
Application
21%
Photoluminescence
21%
Surface
21%
Electron Particle
20%
Amorphous Silicon
20%
Energy
17%
Band Gap
16%
Annealing
16%
Wavelength
16%
Optical Property
16%
Alloy
16%
Oxide
15%
Chemical Passivation
13%
Doping Material
13%
Strain
13%
Ambient Reaction Temperature
12%
Compound Mobility
12%
Time
12%
Electron Mobility
12%
Tandem Solar Cell
11%
Behavior as Electrode
11%
Electrical Property
11%
Length
11%
Epitaxial Growth
11%
Metal
11%
Resistance
11%
Transmission Electron Microscopy
11%
Diffusion
11%
Diamond
11%
Polarization
10%
Current Density
9%
Amorphous Material
9%
Porphyrin
9%
Monte Carlo Method
9%
Chemical Vapour Deposition
9%
Phonon
9%
Superlattice
9%
Reduction
8%
Optoelectronics
8%
Epitaxial Film
8%
Electron Transfer
8%
Microwave
8%
Quantum Dot
8%
Nitride
8%
Threading Dislocation
8%
Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy
7%
Dielectric Material
7%
Drain Current
7%
Nanomaterial
7%
Optical Phonon
7%
Zinc Oxide
7%
Carotenoid
7%
Atomic Layer Epitaxy
6%
Nonconductor
6%
Electric Field
6%
Velocity
6%
Erbium
6%
Dimension
6%
Figure of Merit
6%
Anode
6%
Interface Trap
6%
Buffer Solution
6%
Electron Microscopy
6%
Microstructure
6%
Short Circuit
6%
X-Ray Diffraction
6%
Sputtering
6%
Breakdown Voltage
6%
Field Effect
6%
Leakage Current
6%
Dioxygen
6%
Vacuum
6%
Polycrystalline Solid
6%
Energy Transfer
6%
Radiative Recombination
6%
Plasma
5%
Thermionic Emission
5%
Acoustic Phonon
5%
Etching
5%
Multilayer
5%
Hydrogen
5%
Parasitic
5%
Band Offset
5%
Glass
5%
Impact Ionization
5%
Chalcogenide Glass
5%
Statistical Ensemble
5%
Single Crystalline Solid
5%
Atomic Force Microscopy
5%
Grain Boundary
5%
Composite Material
5%
Quantum Transport
5%
Platinum
5%
Physics & Astronomy
solar cells
35%
molecular beam epitaxy
29%
silicon
27%
thin films
26%
nanowires
24%
characterization
19%
photoluminescence
18%
simulation
18%
quantum wells
18%
defects
18%
electrons
17%
transistors
16%
performance
16%
high electron mobility transistors
15%
transmission electron microscopy
15%
wavelengths
14%
field effect transistors
14%
silver
14%
electronics
14%
temperature
13%
superlattices
13%
holography
13%
optical properties
13%
metals
12%
annealing
11%
x rays
11%
indium oxides
11%
quantum dots
11%
room temperature
11%
oxides
11%
chalcogenides
10%
electron microscopy
10%
dosage
10%
quantum efficiency
10%
electric potential
10%
heterojunctions
10%
photometers
10%
fabrication
10%
antennas
9%
electrical properties
9%
insulators
9%
high resolution
9%
electrodes
9%
tin oxides
9%
energy
8%
polarization
8%
spectroscopy
8%
diamonds
8%
light emitting diodes
8%
emitters
8%
diffraction
8%
simulators
8%
ions
8%
lasers
8%
radiation
8%
amorphous silicon
8%
glass
7%
phonons
7%
profiles
7%
wafers
7%
electrical resistivity
7%
random access memory
7%
carrier lifetime
7%
passivity
7%
life (durability)
7%
traps
7%
nitrides
7%
microwaves
7%
atomic layer epitaxy
7%
backscattering
7%
CMOS
7%
zinc oxides
7%
porphyrins
6%
scattering
6%
cavities
6%
heating
6%
buckling
6%
conduction
6%
polyethylenes
6%
metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
6%
oxygen
6%
sensors
6%
diodes
6%
lasing
6%
carotenoids
6%
vapor deposition
6%
hydrogen
6%
platinum
6%
excitation
6%
chips
5%
alignment
5%
x ray diffraction
5%
nanoparticles
5%
chlorides
5%
indium
5%
thermionic emission
5%
buffers
5%
SOI (semiconductors)
5%